References
- Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and obesity: obesity trends: 1991–2001 prevalence of obesity among U.S. adults by state-behavioural risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) 2001 self reported data. Available at www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/consequences.htm. Accessed 26 October 2008.
- World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, June 3–5, 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.
- Watkins ML, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA, Botto LD, Moore CA. Maternal obesity and risk for birth defects. Pediatrics 2003;111:1152–1158.
- Hendler I, Blackwell SC, Bujold E, Treadwell MC, Mittal P, Sokol RJ, Sorokin Y. Suboptimal second-trimester ultrasonographic visualization of the fetal heart in obese women. J Ultrasound Med 2005;24:1205–1209.
- Waller D, Mills JL, Simpson JL, Cunningham GC, Conley MR, Lassman MR. Are obese women at higher risk for producing malformed offspring? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:541–548.
- Shaw GM, Vellie EM, Schaffer D. Risk of neural tube defect affected pregnancies among obese women. JAMA 1996;275:1093–1096.
- Shaw GM, Todoroff K, Schaffer DM, Selvin S. Maternal height and prepregnancy body mass index at risk factors for selected congenital anomalies. Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol 2000;14:234–239.
- Moore LL, Singer MR, Bradlee ML, Rothman KJ, Milunsky A. A prospective study of the risk of congenital defects associated with maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus. Epidemiology 2000;11:689–694.
- Anderson JL, Waller DK, Canfield MA, Shaw GM, Watkins ML, Werler MM. Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, and central nervous system birth defects. Epidemiology 2005;16:87–92.
- Wolfe HM, Sokol RJ, Martier SM, Zador IE. Maternal obesity: a potential source of error in sonographic prenatal diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:339–342.
- Hendler I, Blackwell SC, Bujold E, Treadwell MC, Wolfe HM, Sokol RJ, Sorokin Y. The Impact of maternal obesity on midtrimester sonographic visualization of fetal cardiac and craniospinal structures. Int J Obesity 2004;28:1607–1611.
- Nuriminen M, Miettinen O, Gart JJ, Nam J. Confidence intervals for the ratio of the parameters of two independent binomials. Biometrics1990;46:269–272.
- Rosenberg JC, Guzman ER, Vintzileos AM, Knuppel RA. Transumbilical placement of the vaginal probe in obese pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:132–134.
- Hendler I, Blackwell SC, Treadwell MC, Bujold E, Sokol RJ, Sorokin Y. Does advanced ultrasound equipment improve the adequacy of ultrasound visualization of fetal cardiac structures in the obese gravid woman? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:1616–1620.
- Gorincour G, Bourliere-Najean B, Bonello B, Fraisse A, Philip N, Potier A, Kreitmanns B, Petit P. Feasibility of fetal cardiac magnetic imaging: preliminary experience. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;29:105–108.
- Lantz ME, Chisholm CA. The preferred timing of second-trimester obstetric sonography based on maternal body mass index. J Ultrasound Med 2004;23:1019–1022.