References
- Fleischer A, Anyaegbunam AA, Schulman H, Farmakides G, Randolph G. Uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry during normal labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:40–43.
- Brar HS, Platt LD, DeVore GR, Horenstein J, Medearis AL. Qualitative assessment of maternal uterine and fetal umbilical artery blood flow and resistance in laboring patients by Doppler velocimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:952–956.
- Jones NW, Raine-Fenning NJ, Jayaprakasan K, Mousa HA, Taggart MJ, Bugg GJ. Changes in myometrial ‘perfusion’ during normal labor as visualized by three-dimensional power Doppler angiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009;33:307–312.
- Physiological Basis of Fetal Monitoring in Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring, Third Edition page 8–13 ed. Freeman RK, Garite TJ, Nageotte MP. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003
- McNamara H, Johnson N. The effect of uterine contractions on fetal oxygen saturation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:644–647.
- Johnson N, van Oudgaarden E, Montague I, McNamara H. The effect of oxytocin-induced hyperstimulation on fetal oxygen. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:805–807.
- Simpson KR, James DC. Effects of oxytocin-induced uterine hyperstimulation during labor on fetal oxygen status and fetal heart rate patterns. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;199:34.e1–34.e5.
- Clark SL, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Meyers JA. Reducing obstetric litigation through alterations in practice patterns. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:1279–1283.
- Jonsson M, Nordén-Lindeberg S, Ostlund I, Hanson U. Metabolic acidosis at birth and suboptimal care–illustration of the gap between knowledge and clinical practice. BJOG 2009;116:1453–1460.
- Wei SQ, Luo ZC, Qi HP, Xu H, Fraser WD. High-dose vs low-dose oxytocin for labor augmentation: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:296–304.
- Hamilton E, Warrick P, O’Keeffe D. Variable decelerations: do size and shape matter? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:648–653.
- Elliott C, Warrick PA, Graham E, Hamilton EF. Graded classification of fetal heart rate tracings: association with neonatal metabolic acidosis and neurologic morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;202:258.e1–258.e8.
- Helwig JT, Parer JT, Kilpatrick SJ, Laros RK Jr. Umbilical cord blood acid-base state: what is normal? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1807–12; discussion 1812.
- Riley RJ, Johnson JW. Collecting and analyzing cord blood gases. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993;36:13–23.
- MacLennan A. A template for defining a causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: international consensus statement. BMJ. 1999;319:1054–1059.
- Parer JT, Hamilton EF. Comparison of 5 experts and computer analysis in rule-based fetal heart rate interpretation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203:451.e1–451.e7.
- Hankins GD, Speer M. Defining the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:628–636.
- Warrick P, Hamilton EMacieszczak M, “Neural network based detection of fetal heart rate patterns,” in Neural Networks, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference, vol. 4, 2005, 2400–2405.
- PeriCALM Patterns™ User Guide 2009; Version 1.12:34–36.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 116: Management of intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 116:1232–1240
- Macones GA, Hankins GD, Spong CY, Hauth J, Moore T. The 2008 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop report on electronic fetal monitoring: update on definitions, interpretation, and research guidelines. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:661–666.
- Ray M, Freeman R, Pine S, Hesselgesser R. Clinical experience with the oxytocin challenge test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;114:1–9.
- Cooper JM, Soffronoff EC, Bolognese RJ. Oxytocin challenge test in monitoring high-risk pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1975;45:27–33.
- Peck T. Electronic monitoring evidence of fetal distress in high-risk pregnancies. J Reprod Med. 1980;24:103–108.
- Riley RJ, Johnson JW. Collecting and analyzing cord blood gases. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1993;36:13–23.
- Bakker PC, Kurver PH, Kuik DJ, Van Geijn HP. Elevated uterine activity increases the risk of fetal acidosis at birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:313.e1–313.e6.
- Parer JT, King T, Flanders S, Fox M, Kilpatrick SJ. Fetal acidemia and electronic fetal heart rate patterns: is there evidence of an association? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19:289–294.
- Kubli FW, Hon EH, Khazin AF, Takemura H. Observations on heart rate and pH in the human fetus during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;104:1190–1206.
- Krebs HB, Petres RE, Dunn LJ. Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. VIII. Atypical variable decelerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;145:297–305.
- Hamilton E, Warrick P, O’Keeffe D. Variable decelerations: do size and shape matter? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
- Westgate JA, Wibbens B, Bennet L, Wassink G, Parer JT, Gunn AJ. The intrapartum deceleration in center stage: a physiologic approach to the interpretation of fetal heart rate changes in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:236.e1–236.11.