References
- Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants. Lancet 2011;377:557–67
- Jung RT. Obesity as a disease. Br Med Bull 1997;53:307–21
- Kern PA, Ranganathan S, Li C, et al. Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;280:E745–51
- Pasquali R, Pelusi C, Genghini S, et al. Obesity and reproductive disorders in women. Hum Reprod Update 2003;9:359–72
- Guo F, Jen KLC. High-fat feeding during pregnancy and lactation affects offspring metabolism in rats. Physiol Behav 1995;57:681–6
- Burdge GC, Hanson MA, Slater-Jefferies JL, Lillycrop KA. Epigenetic regulation of transcription: a mechanism for inducing variations in phenotype (fetal programming) by differences in nutrition during early life? Br J Nutr 2007;97:1036–46
- Spencer SJ. Early life programming of obesity: the impact of the perinatal environment on the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012;8:55–68
- Steyn NP, Mann J, Bennett PH, et al. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutr 2004;7:147–65
- van Leeuwen BL, Kamps WA, Hartel RM, et al. Effect of single chemotherapeutic agents on the growing skeleton of the rat. Ann Oncol 2000;11:1121–6
- Anne Croy B, Yamada AT, DeMayo FJ, Lee Adamson S. The guide to investigation of mouse pregnancy. Amsterdam: Elsevier/AP; 2014
- Mandl AM. The phases of the oestrous cycle in the adult white rat. J Exp Biol 1951;28:576–84
- Marcondes FK, Bianchi FJ, Tanno AP. Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations. Braz J Biol 2002;62:609–14
- Knopp RH, Saudek CD, Arky RA, O'Sullivan JB. 2 phases of adipose tissue metabolism in pregnancy: maternal adaptations for fetal growth. Endocrinology 1973;92:984–8
- Franco JG, Fernandes TP, Rocha CPD, et al. Maternal high-fat diet induces obesity and adrenal and thyroid dysfunction in male rat offspring at weaning. J Physiol 2012;590:5503–18
- Siri-Tarino P, Sun Q, Hu F, Krauss R. Saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: modulation by replacement nutrients. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010;12:384–90
- Barker DJ. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ 1990;301:1111
- Byrne CD, Phillips DI. Fetal origins of adult disease: epidemiology and mechanisms. J Clin Pathol 2000;53:822–8
- Bayol SA, Farrington SJ, Stickland NC. A maternal ‘junk food’ diet in pregnancy and lactation promotes an exacerbated taste for ‘junk food’ and a greater propensity for obesity in rat offspring. Br J Nutr 2007;98:843–51
- West KM. Diabetes in American Indians and other native populations of the New World. Diabetes 1974;23:841–55
- Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:461s–5s
- Hemalatha R, Annapurna VV, Damayanthi K, Radhakrishna KV. Substantial proportion of apparently healthy, urban south Indian young adults has insulin resistance associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. J Med Sci 2010;3:110--17
- Yajnik CS, Fall CH, Coyaji KJ, et al. Neonatal anthropometry: the thin-fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:173–80
- Maes HH, Neale MC, Eaves LJ. Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity. Behav Genet 1997;27:325–51
- Connor KL, Vickers MH, Beltrand J, et al. Nature, nurture or nutrition? Impact of maternal nutrition on maternal care, offspring development and reproductive function. J Physiol 2012;590:2167–80
- Glick Z, Yamini S, Lupien J, Sod-Moriah U. Estrous cycle irregularities in overfed rats. Physiol Behav 1990;47:307–10
- Rolls BA, Gurr MI, van Duijvenvoorde PM, et al. Lactation in lean and obese rats: effect of cafeteria feeding and of dietary obesity on milk composition. Physiol Behav 1986;38:185–90
- Rolls BJ, Rowe EA. Pregnancy and lactation in the obese rat: effects on maternal and pup weights. Physiol Behav 1982;28:393–400
- Schaffer L, Muller-Vizentini D, Burkhardt T, et al. Blunted stress response in small for gestational age neonates. Pediatr Res 2009;65:231–5
- Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. JAMA 2010;303:235–41