2,601
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish oil supplementation during pregnancy: which evidence?

, &
Pages 2389-2397 | Received 21 Jun 2015, Accepted 21 Aug 2015, Published online: 18 Sep 2015

References

  • Makrides M, Gibson RA. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:307S–11
  • Al MD, van Houwelingen AC, Kester AD, et al. Maternal essential fatty acid patterns during normal pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal essential fatty acid status. Br J Nutr 1995;74:55–68
  • Otto SJ, Houwelingen AC, Antal M, et al. Maternal and neonatal essential fatty acid status in phospholipids: an international comparative study. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:232–42
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition; report of an expert consultation; 2008. Available from: www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1953e/i1953e00.pdf [last accessed 10 Nov 2014]
  • World Health Organization. Marine oil supplementation to improve pregnancy outcomes, WHO; 2011. Available from: http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bbc/fish_oil_pregnancy/en/ [last accessed 10 Nov 2014]
  • Olsen SF, Hansen HS, Sorensen TI, et al. Intake of marine fat, rich in n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids may increase birthweight by prolonging gestation. Lancet 1986;2:367
  • Petridou E, Koussouri M, Toupadaki N, et al. Diet during pregnancy and the risk of cerebral palsy. Br J Nutr 1998;79:407–12
  • Yamashita A, Kawana K, Tomio K, et al. Increased tissue levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents pathological preterm birth. Sci Rep 2013;3:3113
  • Olsen SF, Sorensen JD, Secher NJ, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration. Lancet 1992;339:1003–7
  • Bulstra-Ramakers MTEW, Huisjes HJ Visser GHA. The effects of 3g eicosapentaenoic acid daily on recurrence of intrauterine growth retardation and pregnancy induced hypertension. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;102:123–6
  • Onwude JL, Lilford RJ, Hjartardottir H, et al. A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of fish oil in high risk pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:95–100
  • Malcolm CA, Hamilton R, McCulloch DL, et al. Scotopic electroretinogram in term infants born of mothers supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3685–91
  • Sanjuro P, Ruiz-Sanz Ji Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132–6
  • Decsi T, Campoy C, Koletzko B. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109–13
  • Tofail F, Kabir I, Hamadani JD, et al. Supplementation of fish-oil and soy-oil during pregnancy and psychomotor development of infants. J Health Popul Nutr 2006;24:48–56
  • Makrides M, Gibson RA, McPhee AJ, et al. Effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on maternal depression and neurodevelopment of young children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;304:1675–83
  • Escolano-Margarit MV, Ramos R, Beyer J, et al. Prenatal DHA status and neurological outcome in children at age 5.5 years are positively associated. J Nutr 2011;141:1216–23
  • Ranajrusgbab Y, Stein AD, Parra-Cabrera S, et al. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy on gestational age and size at birth: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Mexico. Food Nutr Bull 2010;31:S108–16
  • Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, et al. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:808–15
  • Colombo J, Kannass KN, Shaddy DJ, et al. Maternal DHA and the development of attention in infancy and toddlerhood. Child Dev 2004;75:1254–67
  • Boris J, Jensen B, Salving JD, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fish oil supplementation in late pregnancy and early lactation on the n-3 fatty acid content in human breast milk. Lipids 2004;39:1191–6
  • Borod E, Atkinson R, Barclay WR, Carlson SE. Effects of third trimester consumption of eggs high in docosahexaenoic acid on docosahexaenoic acid status and pregnancy. Lipids 1999;34:S231
  • Van Houwelingen AC, Sorensen JD, Hornstra G, et al. Essential fatty acid status in neonates after fish-oil supplementation during late pregnancy. Br J Nutr 1995;74:723–31
  • Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135–45
  • Salving JD, Olsen SF, Secher NJ. Effects of fish oil supplementation in late pregnancy on blood pressure: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103:529–33
  • Smuts CM, Huang M, Mundy D, et al. A randomized trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101:469–79
  • Olsen SF, Secher NJ, Tabor A, et al. Randomised clinical trials of fish oil supplementation in high risk pregnancies. Fish Oil Trials in pregnancy (FOTIP). BJOG 2000;107:382–95
  • Harper M, Thom E, Klebanoff MA, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to prevent recurrent preterm birth: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:234–42
  • D’Almeida A, Carter JP, Anatol A, Prost C. Effects of a combination of evening primrose oil (gamma linolenic acid) and fish oil (eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acid) versus magnesium, and versus placebo in preventing preeclampsia. Women Health 1992;19:117–31
  • de Groot RH, Hornstra G, van Houwelingen AC, Roumen F. Effect of alpha-linolenic acid supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal polyunsaturated fatty acid status and pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:251–60
  • Herrera JA, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S. Prevention of preeclampsia by linoleic acid and calcium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:585–90
  • Colombo J, Carlson SE, Cheatham CL, et al. Long-term effects of LCPUFA supplementation on childhood cognitive outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:403–12
  • Olsen SF, Secher NJ. A possible preventive effect of low-dose fish oil on early delivery and pre-eclampsia: indications from a 50-year-old controlled trial. Br J Nutr 1990;64:599–609
  • Laivuori H, Hovatta O, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Dietary supplementation with primrose oil or fish oil dose not change urinary excretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in pre-eclamptic women. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993;49:691–4
  • Helland IB, Saugstad OD, Smith L, et al. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108:82
  • Knudsen VK, Hansen HS, Osterdal ML, et al. Fish oil in various doses or flax oil in pregnancy and timing of spontaneous delivery: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2006;113:536–43
  • Gould JF, Makrides M, Colombo J, Smithers LG. Randomized controlled trial of maternal omega-3 long-chain PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood development of attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99:851–9
  • Mulder KA, King DJ, Innis SM. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in infants before birth identified using a randomized trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy. PLoS One 2014;9:e83764
  • Smuts CM, Borod E, Peeples JM, Carlson SE. High-DHA eggs: feasibility as a means to enhance circulating DHA in mother and infant. Lipids 2003;38:407–14
  • Sorensen JD, Olsen SF, Pedersen AK, et al. Effects of fish oil supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy on prostacyclin and thromboxane production. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:915–22
  • Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, et al. Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children's IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics 2003;111:e39–44
  • Jamilian M, Samimi M, Kolahdooz F, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015. Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1015980
  • Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0 (update March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. Available from: www.cochrane-handbook.org [last accessed 15 Apr 2015]
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:1006–12
  • Saccone G, Berghella V. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2015;3:663–72
  • Saccone G, Berghella V. Omega-3 supplementation to prevent recurrent preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;213:135–40
  • Makrides M, Duley L, Olsen SF. Marine oil and other prostaglandin precursor supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;19:CD003402
  • Saccone G, Berghella V, Maruotti GM, et al. Omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy to prevent recurrent intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002/uog.14910
  • Loomans EM, van de Bergh BR, Schelling M, et al. Maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status during early pregnancy and children’s risk of problem behavior at age 5-6 years. J Pediatr 2014;164:726–8
  • Julvez J, Guxens M, Carsin AE, et al. A cohort study on full breastfeeding and child neuropsychological development: the role of maternal social, psychological and nutritional factors. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014;56:148–56
  • Gow RW, Hibbeln JR. Omega-3 fatty acid and nutrient deficits in adverse neurodevelopment and childhood behaviors. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2014;23:555–90
  • Eilander A, Hundscheid DC, Osendarp SJ, et al. Effects of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on visual and cognitive development throughout childhood: a review of human studies. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007;76:189–203
  • Golding J, Steer C, Emmet P, et al. High levels of depressive symptoms in pregnancy with low omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish. Epidemiology 2009;20:598–603
  • Olsen SF, Joensen HD. High liveborn birth weights in the Faroes: a comparison between birth weights in the Faroes and in Denmark. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1985;39:27–32
  • Englund-Ogge L, Brantsaeter AL, Sengpiel V, et al. Maternal dietary patterns and preterm delivery: results from large prospective cohort study. BMJ 2014;348:g1446
  • Bagga D, Wang L, Farias-Eisner R, et al. Differential effects of prostaglandin derived from omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on COX-2 expression and IL-6 secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:1751–6
  • Dusing R, Struck A, Gobel BO, et al. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on renal function and renal prostaglandin E metabolism. Kidney Int 1990;38:315–19
  • De Jonge HW, Dekkers DH, Bastiaanse EM, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid incorporation in membrane phospholipids modulates receptor-mediated phospholipase C and membrane fluidity in rat ventricular myocytes in culture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1996;28:1097–108
  • Karim SM. The role of prostaglandins in human parturition. Proc R Soc Med 1971;64:10–12
  • Toppozada M, el Ghazzawi E, Gaweesh S, et al. Effect of prostaglandins E2 and 15-methyl F2 alpha on human pregnant and non-pregnant cervix. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1987;26:27–32
  • International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. Report of the Sub-Committee on Recommendations for Intake of Polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy adults; 2004. Available from: http://www.issfal.org/news-links/resources/publications/PUFAIntakeReccomdFinalReport.pdf [last accessed 20 Dec 2014]
  • Koletzko B, Cetin I, Brenna JT. Perinatal Lipid Intake Working Group 2007. Consensus statement – dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lacting women. Br J Nutr 2007;98:873–7
  • Koletzko B, Lien E, Agostoni C, et al. The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations. J Perinat Med 2008;36:5–14
  • National Health and Medical Research Council. Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand including recommended dietary intakes. Commonwealth of Australia; 2006. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/n35.pdf [last accessed 20 Dec 2014]
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA). Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA J 2010;8:1461. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/1461.htm [last accessed 20 Dec 2014]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.