143
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure inside the metro tube infrastructure in Warszawa

&
Pages 265-273 | Received 26 Jan 2015, Accepted 22 Jul 2015, Published online: 07 Oct 2015

References

  • Ahlbom, A., Feychting, M., Green, A., et al. ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Standing Committee on Epidemiology. (2009). Epidemiology evidence on mobile phones and tumor risk: A review. Epidemiology. 20:639–652
  • Bortkiewicz, A., Gadzicka, E., Szymczak, W., Zmyślony, M. (2012). Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in radio and TV broadcasting stations workers. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health. 25:446–455
  • Council of the European Union Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz), 1999/519/EC, OJ. 1999; L 199/59
  • Gajsek, P., Ravazzani, P., Wiart, J., et al. (2015). Electromagnetic field exposure assessment in Europe radiofrequency fields (10 MHz–6 GHz). J. Expos. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 25:37–44. doi:10.1038/jes.2013.40
  • Gryz, K., Karpowicz, J., Leszko, W. (2012). Exposimeters of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation – An overview of functional and technical parameters. Bezpiecz Pr. 2:12–15. [in Polish]
  • Gryz, K., Karpowicz, J., Molenda, M., Patryk Zradziński, P. (2007). Exposure to electromagnetic fields in electrical vehicles of urban transportation. Bezpiecz Pr. 7–8:24–27. [in Polish]. Available from: http://www.ciop.pl/CIOPPortalWAR/file/25608/2013031212533&bezp_07_2007_s_24_27.pdf (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • Gryz, K., Karpowicz, J., Leszko, W., Zradziński, P. (2014a). Evaluation of exposure to electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation in the indoor workplace accessible to the public by the use of frequency-selective exposimeters. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health. 27:1043–1054
  • Gryz, K., Karpowicz, J., Leszko, W., Zradziński, P. (2014b). The frequency-selective evaluation of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation in the public accessible indoor environment. Proceedings of EMC Europe 2014, September 1–14, Gothenburg, Sweden. Available from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6930936 (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • Gryz, K., Zradziński, P., Karpowicz, J. (2015). The role of the location of personal exposimeters on the human body in their use for assessing exposure to electromagnetic field in the radiofrequency range 98–2450 MHz and compliance analysis – Evaluation by virtual measurements. BioMed. Res. Int. Article ID 272460, 12 pages. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/272460 (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • Hansson Mild, K., Alanko, T., Decat, G., et al. (2009). Exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields. A review of open questions on exposure assessment techniques. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 15:3–33
  • Hardell, L., Carlberg, M., Soderqvist, F., et al. (2008). Meta-analysis of long-term mobile phone use and the association with brain tumours. Int. J. Oncol. 32:1097–1103
  • IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2011). Classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Lyon, France, May 31, 2011, The World Health Organization (WHO)/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Press Release nr 208
  • IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2013). Non-ionizing radiation, part 2: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Lyon, France, 2013, The WHO/IARC, IARC Monographs, Volume 102
  • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Radiation Protection). (1998). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 74:494–522
  • ICNIRP (International Commision on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). (2009). Exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields, biological effects and health consequences (100 kHz–300  GHz). Review of the scientific evidence on dosimetry, biological effects, epidemiological observations, and health consequences concerning exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). 16
  • INTERPHONE Study Group. (2010). Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: Results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39:675–694
  • Israel, M., Zaryabova, V., Ivanova, M. (2013). Electromagnetic field occupational exposure: Non-thermal vs. thermal effects. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32:145–154
  • Joseph, W., Frei, P., Röösli, M., et al. (2010). Comparison of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in different urban areas across Europe. Environ. Res. 110:658–663
  • Karpowicz, J., Gryz, K. (2007). Practical aspects of occupational EMF exposure assessment. Environmentalist. 27:525–531. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9067-y (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • Neubauer, G., Cecil, S., Giczi, W., et al. (2010). The association between exposure determined by radiofrequency personal exposimeters and human exposure: A simulation study. Bioelectromagnetics. 31:535–545
  • Röösli, M., Frei, P., Bolte, J., et al. (2010). Conduct of a personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurement study: Proposed study protocol. Environ. Health. 9:14
  • SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks) (2009). Health Effects of Exposure to EMF, Opinion adopted at the 28th plenary on 19 January 2009, Brussels. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_022.pdf (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks) (2015) Opinion on Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields, SCENIHR adopted this opinion at the 9th plenary meeting on 27 January 2015, Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_o_041.pdf (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • Stam, R. (2011). Comparison of International Policies on Electromagnetic Fields (Power Frequency and Radiofrequency Fields). Bilthoven, Netherlands: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; 2011 May. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/electromagnetic_fields/docs/emf_comparision_policies_en.pdf (accessed 24 Aug 2015)
  • Szmigielski, S. (2013). Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32:273–280
  • Vangelova, K., Deyanov, C., Israel, M. (2006). Cardiovascular risk in operators under radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 209:133–138
  • Vesselinowa, L. (2013). Biosomatic effects of the electromagnetic fields on view of the physiotherapy personnel health. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32:192–199

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.