1,042
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Severe COPD Exacerbation: CT Features

, , , &

References

  • Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2011. http://www.goldcopd.org/ December 2012.
  • Rodriguez-Roisin R. Towards a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations. Chest 2000; 117:398S–401S.
  • Monso E, Rosell A, Bonet G, et al. Risks factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 1999; 13:338–342.
  • Pela R, Marchesani F, Agostinelli C, et al. Airways microbial flora in COPD patients in stable clinical conditions and during exacerbations; a bronchoscopic investigation. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1998; 53:262–267.
  • Sethi S, Murphy TF. Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2355–2365.
  • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Trouillet JL, et al. Characterization of distal bronchial microflora during acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Use of the protected specimen brush technique in 54 mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142:1004–1008.
  • Monso E, Ruiz J, Rosell A, et al. Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1316–1320.
  • Soler N, Torres A, Ewig S, et al. Bronchial microbial patterns in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:1498–1505.
  • Sethi S, Wrona C, Grant BJ, Murphy TF. Strain-specific immune response to Haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169:448–453.
  • Ling SH, van Eeden SF. Particulate matter air pollution exposure: role in the development and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2009; 4:233–243.
  • Sint T, Donohue JF, Ghio AJ. Ambient air pollution particles and the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:25–29.
  • Peacock JL, Anderson HR, Bremner SA, et al. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD. Thorax 2011; 66:591–596.
  • Celli BR, MacNee W. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004; 23:932–946.
  • Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Bhowmik A, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA. Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1608–1613.
  • Adams SG, Melo J, Luther M, Anzueto A. Antibiotics are associated with lower relapse rates in outpatients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 2000; 117:1345–1352.
  • Decramer M, Nici L, Nardini S, Reardon J, Rochester CL, Sanguinetti CM, Troosters T. Targeting the COPD Exacerbation. Respir Med 2008; 102 Suppl 1:S3–S15.
  • Myint PK, Lowe D, Stone RA, Buckingham RJ, Roberts CM. U.K. National COPD Resources and Outcomes Project 2008: patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations who present with radiological pneumonia have worse outcome compared to those with non-pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Respiration 2011; 82:320–327.
  • Sherman S, Skoney JA, Ravikrishnan KP. Routine chest radiographs in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:2493–2496.
  • Rutschmann OT, Cornuz J, Poletti PA et al. Should pulmonary embolism be suspected in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Thorax 2007; 62:121–125.
  • Choi KJ, Cha SI, Shin KM, et al. Prevalence and predictors of pulmonary embolism in Korean patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2013; 85:203–209.
  • Quanjer P, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, Pedersen OF, Peslin R, Yernault JC. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Eur Respir J 1993; 6:5–40.
  • Fisher RA, Yates F. Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. London, England: Oliver and Boyd, 1963.
  • Brody AS, Kosorok MR, Li A, et al. Reproducibility of a scoring system for computed tomography scanning in cystic fibrosis. J Thorac Imag 2006; 21:14–21.
  • Arakawa H, Webb WR. Air trapping on expiratory high-resolution CT scans in the absence of inspiratory scan abnormalities: correlation with pulmonary function tests and differential diagnosis. AJR 1998; 170:1349–1353.
  • Hansell DM, Lynch DA, McAdams HP, Bankier AA. Imaging Diseases of the Chest, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier, 2010.
  • Hansell DM, Bankier AA, MacMahon H, McLoud TC, Müller NL, Remy J. Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology 2008; 246:697–722.
  • Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London, England: Chapman & Hall, 1991.
  • Jain P, Misra A. Routine chest x-ray in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a myth. N Z Med J 1990; 11:163.
  • Emerman CL, Cydulka RK. Evaluation of high-yield criteria for chest radiography in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:680–684.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.