References
- Friedlander AL, Lynch D, Dyar LA, Bowler RP. Phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2007; 4(4):355–384. doi: 785381889 [pii].
- Fletcher C, Peto R. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. Br Med J 1977; 1(6077):1645–1648.
- Nishimura M, Makita H, Nagai K, Annual change in pulmonary function and clinical phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185(1):44–52. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201106-0992OC; 10.1164/rccm.201106-0992OC.
- Vestbo J, Edwards LD, Scanlon PD, Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPD. N Engl J Med 2011; 365(13):1184–1192. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105482; 10.1056/NEJMoa1105482.
- Casanova C, de Torres JP, Aguirre-Jaime A, The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is heterogeneous: The experience of the BODE cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184(9):1015–1021. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201105-0831OC; 10.1164/rccm.201105-0831OC.
- Tantucci C, Modina D. Lung function decline in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7:95–99. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S27480; 10.2147/COPD.S27480.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: latest evidence and clinical implications. Qureshi H, Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2014; 5(5):212–227. doi: 10.1177/2040622314532862. Review.
- Kauppi P, Kupiainen H, Lindqvist A, Overlap syndrome of asthma and COPD predicts low quality of life. J Asthma 2011; 48(3):279–285. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.555576; 10.3109/02770903.2011.555576.
- Laitinen T, Hodgson U, Kupiainen H, Real-world clinical data identifies gender-related profiles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2009; 6(4):256–262.
- Viljanen AA, Halttunen PK, Kreus KE, Viljanen BC. Spirometric studies in non-smoking, healthy adults. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1982; 159:5–20.
- Katajisto M, Kupiainen H, Rantanen P, Physical inactivity in COPD and increased patient perception of dyspnea. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7:743–755. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S35497 [doi].
- Jenkins CR, Jones PW, Calverley PM, Efficacy of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate by GOLD stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Analysis from the randomised, placebo-controlled TORCH study. Respir Res 2009; 10:59. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-59; 10.1186/1465-9921-10-59.
- Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(15):1543–1554. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805800; 10.1056/NEJMoa0805800.
- Tashkin DP, Wang HJ, Halpin D, Comparison of the variability of the annual rates of change in FEV1 determined from serial measurements of the pre- versus post-bronchodilator FEV1 over 5 years in mild to moderate COPD: Results of the lung health study. Respir Res 2012; 13:70 doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-70; 10.1186/1465-9921-13-70.
- Tashkin DP, Li N, Halpin D, Annual rates of change in pre- vs. post-bronchodilator FEV1 and FVC over 4 years in moderate to very severe COPD. Respir Med 2013; 107(12):1904–1911. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.08.001 [doi].
- Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(15):1543–1554. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805800 [doi].
- Tashkin DP. Variations in FEV1 decline over time in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its implications. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2013; 19(2):116–124. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835d8ea4; 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835d8ea4.
- Cosio MG, Saetta M, Agusti A. Immunologic aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(23):2445–2454. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0804752 [doi].
- Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD. Available from: www.goldcopd.org. Updated 2014. (accessed 2 May, 2014).
- SPIROLA Software. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/spirometry/spirola-software.html (accessed 1 February, 2015).
- Tang W, Kowgier M, Loth DW, Soler Artigas M, Joubert BR, Hodge E, Gharib SA, Smith AV, Ruczinski I, Gudnason V, Mathias RA, Harris TB, Hansel NN, Launer LJ, Barnes KC, Hansen JG, Albrecht E, Aldrich MC, Allerhand M, Barr RG, Brusselle GG, Couper DJ, Curjuric I, Davies G, Deary IJ, Dupuis J, Fall T, Foy M, Franceschini N, Gao W, Gläser S, Gu X, Hancock DB, Heinrich J, Hofman A, Imboden M, Ingelsson E, James A, Karrasch S, Koch B, Kritchevsky SB, Kumar A, Lahousse L, Li G, Lind L, Lindgren C, Liu Y, Lohman K, Lumley T, McArdle WL, Meibohm B, Morris AP, Morrison AC, Musk B, North KE, Palmer LJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Psaty BM, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Schulz H, Smith LJ, Sood A, Starr JM, Strachan DP, Teumer A, Uitterlinden AG, Völzke H, Voorman A, Wain LV, Wells MT, Wilk JB, Williams OD, Heckbert SR, Stricker BH, London SJ, Fornage M, Tobin MD, O'Connor GT, Hall IP, Cassano PA. Large-scale genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of longitudinal change in adult lung function. PLoS One 2014; 9(7):e100776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100776.
- Imboden M, Bouzigon E, Curjuric I, Ramasamy A, Kumar A, Hancock DB, Wilk JB, Vonk JM, Thun GA, Siroux V, Nadif R, Monier F, Gonzalez JR, Wjst M, Heinrich J, Loehr LR, Franceschini N, North KE, Altmüller J, Koppelman GH, Guerra S, Kronenberg F, Lathrop M, Moffatt MF, O'Connor GT, Strachan DP, Postma DS, London SJ, Schindler C, Kogevinas M, Kauffmann F, Jarvis DL, Demenais F, Probst-Hensch NM. Genome-wide association study of lung function decline in adults with and without asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129(5):1218–1228. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.074.