References
- Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, Gillespie S, Burney P, Mannino DM, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a populationbased prevalence study. Lancet 2007; 370:741–750.
- Lokke A, Lange P, Scharling H, Vestbo J. Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population. Thorax 2006; 61:935–939.
- Sandford AJ, Silverman EK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Susceptibility factors for COPD the genotype environment interaction. Thorax 2005; 57:736–741.
- Yang IA, Francis SM. Deconstructing COPD using genomic tools. Respirology 2009; 14(3):313–317.
- Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD-2016. Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/Guidelines/guidelines-resources.html.
- Roca C, Primo L, Valdembri D, Cividalli A, Declerck P, Carmeliet P. Hyperthermia inhibits angiogenesis by a plasminogen activator inhibitor 1-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res 2003; 63:1500–1507.
- Kwaan HC and McMahon B. The role of plasminogen-plasmin system in cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 148:43–66.
- Kutz SM, Hordines J, McKeown-Longo PJ, Higgins PJ. TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 gene expression requires MEK activity and cell-to-substrate adhesion. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3905–3914.
- Grancha S, Estelles A, Tormo F, Falco C, Gilabert J, Espana F. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter 4G/5G genotype and increased PAI-1 circulating levels in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 1999; 81:516–521.
- Mansfield MW, Strickland MH, Grant PJ. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter polymorphism and coronary artery disease in non–insulin-dependent diabetes. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74:1032–1034.
- Janus ED, Phillips NT, Carrell RW. Smoking, lung function, and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Lancet 1985; 1:152–154.
- Muth M, Theophile K, Hussein K, Jacobi C, Kreipe H, Bock O. Hypoxia induced down-regulation of microRNA-449a/b impairs control over targeted SERPINE1 (PAI-1) mRNA - a mechanism involved in SERPINE1 (PAI-1) overexpression. J Transl Med 2011; 9:24.
- van den Borst B, Schols AM, de Theije C, Boots AW, Köhler SE, Goossens GH, et al. Characterization of the inflammatory and metabolic profile of adipose tissue in a mouse model of chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 2013; 114(11):1619–1628.
- Xu X, Wang H, Wang Z, Xiao W. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes inflammatory process induced by cigarette smoke extraction or lipopolysaccharides in alveolar epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2009; 35(9):795–805.
- Bhandary YP, Shetty SK, Marudamuthu AS, Midde KK, Ji HL, Shams H, et al. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cigarette smoke exposure and influenza A virus infection-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2015; 10(5):e0123187.
- To M, Takagi D, Akashi K, Kano I, Haruki K, Barnes PJ, et al. Sputum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 elevation by oxidative stress-dependent nuclear factor-kappaB activation in COPD. Chest 2013; 144(2):515–521.
- Jiang Y, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Xing Y. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator system and human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 in serum and induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2010; 15(6):939–946.
- Xiao W, Tong WL, Ma DD. Higher levels of urokinase plasminogen activator system components in the airways of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2006; 29(11):723–726.
- van den Borst B, Gosker HR, Koster A, Yu B, Kritchevsky SB, Liu Y, et al. The influence of abdominal visceral fat on inflammatory pathways and mortality risk in obstructive lung disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96(3):516–526.
- Loskutoff DJ, Sawdey M, Keeton M, Scheiderman J. Regulation of PAI-1 gene expression in vivo. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70:135–137.
- Blasiak J, Smolarz B, Romanowicz-Macowska H, Pertynski T. Polymorphisms of the promoter region of the plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1) gene in women with endometrial cancer. Pol J Gynaecol Invest 2000; 3:611–666.
- Dawson SJ, Wiman B, Hamsten A, Green F, Humphiries S, Henney AM. The two allele sequences of a common polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene respond differently to interleukin-1 in HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:10739–10745.
- Asselbergs FW, Pattin K, Snieder H, Hillege HL, van Gilst WH, Moore JH. Genetic architecture of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Semin Thromb Hemost 2008; 34(6):562–568.
- Schuliga M, Westall G, Xia Y, Stewart AG. The plasminogen activation system: new targets in lung inflammation and remodeling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13(3):386–393.