76
Views
77
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Toxicology of Ipecac: A Review

&
Pages 221-242 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

References

  • Arnold F. J., Hodges J. B., Barta R. A. in collaboration with S. Spector, I. Sunshine, and R. J. Wedgewood, Evaluation of the efficacy of lavage and induced emesis in treatment of salicylate poisoning. Pediatrics 1959; 23: 286
  • Tattersall R. N. Emetics. Practitioner 1971; 206: 111
  • Decker W. J. In quest of emesis: fact, fable, and fancy. Clin. Toxicol. 1971; 4: 383
  • Corby D. G., Lisciendro R. C., Lehman R. H., Decker W. J. The efficiency of methods used to evacuate the stomach after acute ingestions. Pediatrics 1967; 40: 871
  • Abadulla A. H., Tye A. A comparison of the efficacy of emetic drugs and stomach lavage. Am. J. Diseases Child. 1967; 113: 571
  • Corby D. G., Decker W. J., Moren M. J., Payne C. E. Clinical comparison of pharmacologic emetics in children. Pediatrics 1968; 42: 361
  • Hanson T. A. Apomorphine in the management of accidental ingestion of poisons. South. Med. J. 1967; 60: 603
  • Shirkey H. C. Ipecac syrup. Its use as an emetic in poison control. J. Pediat. 1966; 69: 139
  • Thoman M. E. The use of emetics in poison ingestion. Clin. Toxicol. 1970; 3: 185
  • Thoman M. E., Verhulst H. L. Ipecac syrup in antiemetic ingestion. JAMA 1966; 196: 147
  • Oderda G. M. Clinical toxicology. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1974; NS14: 626
  • Matthew H. Acute poisoning: some myths and misconceptions. British Med. J. 1971; 10: 519
  • Matthew H. Gastric aspiration and lavage. Clin. Toxicol. 1970; 3: 179
  • Karlsson B., Norén L. Ipecacuanha and copper sulphate as emetics in intoxications in children. Acta Paediat. Scand. 1965; 54: 331
  • Cashman T. M., Shirkey H. C. Emergency management of poisoning. Pediat. Clin. North Am. 1970; 17: 525
  • Robertson W. O. Syrup of ipecac—a slow or fast emetic. Am. J. Diseases Child. 1962; 103: 136
  • Rogers L. Further experience of the specific curative action in amoebic disease of hypodermic injections of soluble salts of emetine. Brit. Med. J. 1912; 2: 405
  • Robers L. The rapid cure of amoebic dysentery and hepatitis hypodermic injections of soluble salts of emetine. Brit. Med. J. 1912; 1: 1424
  • Walters A. L., Koch E. W. Pharmacological studies of the ipecac alkaloids and some synthetic derivatives of cephaeline. I. Studies on toxicity. J. Pharm. Exptl. Therap. 1917–18; 10: 73
  • The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America (XVII). The U. S. Pharmacopeia Convention Inc., Rockville 1970
  • Smith R. P., Smith D. M. Acute ipecac poisoning: Report of a fatal case and review of the literature. N. Engl. J. Med. 1961; 265: 523
  • Bates T., Grunwaldt E. Ipecac poisoning: A report of two cases of ingestion of fluid extract of ipecac. Am. J. Diseases Child. 1962; 102: 169
  • MacLeod J. Ipecac intoxication—use of a cardiac pacemaker in management. N. Engl. J. Med. 1963; 268: 146
  • Duckworth D. Observations upon the action of ipecacuanha and its alkaloid emetia. (sic.). St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports 1869; 5: 218, 7, 91 (1871)
  • Von Podwyssotzki. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Emetins. Arch. Exper. Path, v. Pharmakol. Leipz. 1879; xi: 231
  • Wild R. B. The pharmacology of the Ipecacuanha alkaloids. Lancet 1895; 2: 1274
  • Eggleston C., Hatcher R. A. The seat of the emetic action of various drugs. J. Pharm. Exptl. Therap. 1915; 7: 225
  • Walters A. L., Eckler C. R., Koch E. W. Pharmacological studies of the ipecac alkaloids and some synthetic derivations of cephaeline. II. Studies on emetic effect and irritant action. J. Pharm. Exptl. Therap. 1917–18; 10: 185
  • Lowin C. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ipecacuanha. Arch. Intern. Pharmacol. Therap. 1902–1903; 11: 9
  • Goodman L., Gilman A. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed. Macmillan, New York 1975; 1075
  • Thumas L. J. Ueber das Brachcentrum und über die Wirkung einiger pharmakologischer Mittel auf dassel be. Arch. Path. Anat., etc. Berl. 1891; Cxxiii: 44
  • Bourianoff G. No time for ipecac. Emergency Med. 1971; 3: 5
  • Goodman L. S., Gilman A. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 5th ed. Macmillan, New York 1975; 161
  • Weaver J. E., Griffith J. F. Induction of emesis by detergent ingredients and formulations. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 1969; 14: 214
  • Allport R. B. Ipecac is not innocuous. Am. J. Diseases Child. 1959; 98: 786
  • Harrison R. T. A case of ipecacuanha poisoning. Lancet 1908; 2: 536
  • Rose N. J. Report of accidental poisoning death from fluid extract of ipecac. Ill. Med. J. 1970; 137: 338
  • Speer J. D., Robertson W. O., Schultz L. R. Ipecacuanha poisoning: Another fatal case. Lancet 1963; 1: 475
  • Ghosh B. N., Adhya P. C. Some newer observations on the pharmacology of emetine. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 1943; 13: 37
  • Bahr-Manson P. Amoebic dysentery and its effective treatment. Brit. Med. J. 1941; ii: 255
  • Pellini E. J., Wallace G. B. The pharmacology of emetine. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1916; 152: 325
  • Chopra R. N., Gupta J. C., Pillai K. V. Observations on the action of emetine on the gastrointestinal tract. Indian J. Med. Res. 1927–28; 15: 883
  • Gimble A. I., Davison C., Smith P. K. Studies on the toxicity, distribution and excretion of emetine. J. Pharm. Exptl. Therap. 1948; 94: 431
  • Boyd L. J., Scherf D. The electrocardiogram in acute emetine intoxication. J. Pharm. Exptl. Therap. 1941; 71: 362
  • Dack S., Moloshok R. E. Cardiac manifestations of toxic action of emetine hydrochloride in amebic dysentery. Arch. Intern. Med. 1947; 79: 228
  • Hardgrove M., Smith E. R. Effects of emetine on the electrocardiogram. Am. Heart J. 1944; 28: 752
  • Kent L., Kingsland R. C. Effects of emetine hydrochloride on the electrocardiogram in man. Am. Heart J. 1950; 39: 576
  • Klatskin G., Fiedman H. Emetine toxicity in man: studies on the nature of early toxic manifestations, their relation to dose level, and their significance in determining safe dosage. Ann. Intern. Med. 1948; 28: 892
  • Sodeman W. A., D'Antoni J. S., Doerner A. A. Emetine intoxication. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 1952; 46: 151
  • Rinehart J. F., Anderson H. H. Effect of emetine on cardiac muscle. Arch. Pathol. 1931; 11: 546
  • Turner P. P. The effects of emetine on the myocardium. Brit. Heart J. 1963; 25: 81
  • Goodman L., Gilman A. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 2nd ed. Macmillan, New York 1955
  • Kilgore A. R. Peripheral neuritis following emetine treatment of amebic dysentery. Boston Med. Surg. J. 1916; 175: 380
  • Salako L. A. Effects of emetine on neuromuscular transmission. Europ. J. Pharm. 1970; 11: 342
  • Salako L. A. Inhibition of neuromuscular transmission in the intact rat by emetine. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1970; 22: 69
  • Young W. A., Tudhope G. R. The pathology of prolonged emetine administration. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 1926; 20: 93
  • Ng K. K. F. An adrenergic neurone blocking action of emetine. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1966; 18: 255
  • Ng K. K. F. Blockade of adrenergic and cholinergic transmission by emetine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 1966; 28: 228
  • Ng K. K. F. A new pharmacological action of emetine. Brit. Med. J. 1966; 1: 1278
  • Lake G. C. On the toxicity of emetine hydrochloride, with special reference to the comparative toxicity of various market preparations. Bull., Hyg. Lab., U. S. Pub. Health Serv. 1916; 2(113)41
  • Arrillaga F. C., Guglielmetti J. Action du chlorahydrate d'emetine sur le coeur. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 1921; 85: 596
  • Chopra R. N., Ghosh B. N. The therapeutics of emetine. Indian Med. Gaz. 1922; 57: 248
  • Chopra R. N., Ghosh B. N., De P. Some observations on the toxicity of emetine. Indian Med. Gaz. 1924; 59: 338
  • Parmer L. G., Cottrill C. W. Distribution of emetine in tissues. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1949; 34: 818
  • Bais W. J. Dood door emetine (Death from emetine poisoning). Geneesk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. -Indie 1921; 61: 500
  • Brem T. H., Konwaller B. E. Fatal myocarditis due to emetine hydrochloride. Am. Heart J. 1955; 50: 476
  • Deitrich R. A., Heim H. C. The effect of emetine upon rat heart respiration. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1956; 45: 562
  • Diamont E. J. Carbohydrate metabolism in emetine-poisoned rats. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1958; 122: 465
  • Mareno A., Magliulo S. The effects of emetine and embryonic heart extract upon guinea pig heart respiration. Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. Therap. 1961; 132: 331
  • Appelt G. D., Heim H. C. Effect of chronic poisoning by emetine on oxidative processes in rat heart. II. Effects on oxidation of citric acid cycle intermediates and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism. J. Pharm. Sci. 1965; 54: 1621
  • Appelt G. D., Heim H. C. Effect of chronic poisoning by emetine on oxidative processes in the rat. I. Effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. J. Pharm. Sci. 1964; 53: 1080
  • Grollman A. P. Structural basis for the inhibition of protein synthesis by emetine and cycloheximide based on an analogy between ipecac alkaloids and glutarimide antibiotics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 1966; 56: 1867
  • Bellar B. M. Observations on the mechanism of emetine poisoning of myocardial tissue. Circ. Res. 1968; 22: 501
  • Brink A. J., Kotzé J. C. N., Muller S. P., Sochner L. The effect of emetine on metabolism and contractility of the isolated rat heart. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1969; 165: 251
  • Anderson H. H., Reed A. C. Untoward effects of anti-amebic drugs. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1934; 14: 269
  • Anderson H. H., Leake C. D. Oral toxicity of emetine hydrochloride and certain related compounds in rabbits and cats. Am. J. Trop. Med. 1930; 10: 249
  • Baer L. J. Electrocardiographic effects of emetine hydrochloride. Mil. Surgeon 1951; 109: 120
  • Brown P. W. Results and dangers in the treatment of amebiasis: a summary of fifteen years' clinical experience at the Mayo Clinic. JAMA 1935; 105: 1319
  • Cera L. J. Emetine toxicity with electrocardiographic abnormalities. Circulation 1956; 14: 33
  • Dale H. H. A preliminary note on chronic poisoning by emetine. Brit. Med. J. 1915; 2: 895
  • Hagamen W. D., Berry C. M., Wolf S. The effect of subnauseant doses of syrup of ipecac on gastric acidity and activity. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1952; 105: 240
  • Heilig R., Visveswar S. K. On the cardiac effects of emetine. Indian Med. Gaz. 1943; 78: 419
  • Johnson H. H., Murphy J. A. The toxic effect of emetine hydrochloride. Mil. Surgeon 1917; 40: 58
  • Leibly F. J. Fatal emetine poisoning, due to cumulative action in amoebic dysentery. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1930; 179: 834
  • Levy R. L., Rountree L. G. On the toxicity of various commercial preparations of emetine hydrochloride. Arch. Intern. Med. 1916; 17: 420
  • Locket S. Clinical toxicology. V. Evaluation of various forms of treatment administered in poisoning. Practitioner 1973; 210: 709
  • Pick E. P., Wasecky R. Zur pharmakologischen analyse des emetins. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmakol. 1916; Lxxx: 147
  • Powell S. J. The cardiotoxicity of systemic amebicides: a comparative electrocardiographic study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1967; 16: 447
  • Radomski J. L., Hagan E. C., Fuyat H. N., Nelson A. A. The pharmacology of ipecac. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1952; 104: 421
  • Rosen E. A., Martin R. R., David N. A. Cumulative toxicity of emetine hydrochloride in guinea pigs. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 1935; 33: 289
  • Schwartz D. E., Herrero J. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of dehydroemetine and emetine in guinea pigs using spectrofluorometric and radiometric methods. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1965; 14: 78
  • Welchman J. M. The cardiac toxicity of emetine. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1957; 60: 296
  • Whittaker N. The synthesis of emetine and related compounds. Part IX, The use of Wittig-type reagents in the synthesis of 2, 3-dehydroemetine. J. Chem. Soc. (Org.) 1969; 1: 94
  • Wilmon A. J., Powell S. J., Adams E. B. The comparative value of emetine and chloroquine in amebic liver abscess. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1958; 7: 197
  • The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America (XVII). The U. S. Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., Rockville 1965

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.