References
- Huber D. H., Stiver R. R., Howard L. B. Heroin overdose deaths in Atlanta. JAMA 1974; 228: 319
- Froedhe R. C., Stahl C. J. Fatal narcotism in military personnel. J. Forensic Sci. 1971; 16: 199
- Baselt R. C., Allison D. J., Wright J. A., Scannell J. R., Stephans B. G. Acute heroin fatalities in San Francisco. West. J. Med. 1975; 122: 455
- Wetli C. V., Davis J. H., Blackbourne B. D. Narcotic addiction in Dade County, Florida. Arch. Pathol. 1972; 93: 330
- Baden M. M. Narcotic Abuse: A Medical Examiner's View. Legal Medicine Annual. Appleton Century Crofts, New York 1971; 139–154, 1971
- Cherubin C., McCusker J., Baden M., Kavaler F., Ansel Z. The epidemiology of death in narcotic death addicts. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1972; 96: 11
- Greene M. H., Luke J. L., Dupont R. L. Opiate overdose deaths in the District of Columbia I. Heroin related fatalities. Med. Ann. District Columbia 1974; 43: 175
- Richards R. G., Reed D., Cravey R. H. Death from intravenously administered narcotics: a study of 114 cases. J. Forensic Sci. 1976; 21: 467
- Helpern M. Fatalities from narcotic addiction in New York City. Incidence, circumstances, and pathologic findings, Human Pathol. A Clinico‐pathologic Quart. 1972; 3: 13
- Felby S., Christensen H., Lund A. Morphine concentration in blood and organs in cases of fatal poisoning. Forensic Sci. 1974; 3: 77
- Parker K. D., Wright J. A., Halpern A. F., Hine C. H. Preliminary report on the detection and quantitation of opiates and certain other drugs of abuse as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas liquid chromatography. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 1970; 10: 17
- Robinson A. E., Williams F. M. Post‐mortem distribution of morphine in heroin addicts. Med. Sci. Law 1971; 11: 135
- Nakamura G. R., Way E. L. Determination of morphine and codeine in post‐mortem specimens. Anal. Chem. 1975; 47: 775
- Wallace J. E., Bigg J. D., Blum K. Gas‐liquid and thin layer chromatographic determination of morphine in biologic specimens. Clin. Chim Acta 1972; 36: 85
- Christopoulos G. N., Kirch E. R. Isolation and identification of morphine from postmortem tissues. J. Chromatogr. 1972; 65: 507
- Kupferber H., Burkhalter A., Way E. L. A sensitive fluorometric assay for morphine in plasma and brain. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1964; 145: 247
- Reynolds P. C. Morphine free in blood, urine, and tissues. Morphine total in bile. Traces 1972; 10: 1
- Coumbis R. J., Kaul B. Distribution of morphine and related compounds in human tissues and biological fluids using radioimmunoassay techniques. J. Forensic Sci. 1974; 19: 307
- Thorwald J. The Century of the Detective. Harcourt, Brace and World, New York 1965
- Goldbaum L. R., Williams M. A. The identification and determination of micrograms of morphine in biological samples. J. Forensic Sci. 1968; 13: 253
- Villaudy J. Statistical study of 133 deaths due to acute morphine intoxication. Bull. Intern. Assoc. Forensic Toxicologists 1967; 4: 2
- Skinner R. F., Gallaher E. J., Knight J. B., Bonelli E. J. The gas chromatograph mass specrtometer as a new and important tool in forensic toxicology. J. Forensic Sci. 1972; 17: 189
- Wallace J. E., Hamilton H. E., Blum K., Petty C. Determination of morphine in biologic fluids by electron capture gas‐liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1974; 46: 2107
- Boerner U., Abbott S., Roe R. L. The metabolism of morphine and heroin in man. Drug Metabol. Rev. 1975; 4: 39
- McBay A. J., Turk R. F. Heroin death?. Bull. Intern. Assoc. Toxicologists 1972; 8: 12
- Johnston G. H., Goldbaum L. R., Walton R. L. Investigation of sudden death in addicts. Med. Ann. District Columbia 1969; 38: 375
- Robinson A. E. (1974) Post‐Mortem Morphine and Methadone Levels. Forensic Toxicology: Proceeding of a Symposium held at the Chemical Defense Establishment, Porton Down. June, 29–301972, B. Ballantyne. Ristol, WrightEngland, 52–58
- Garriott J. C., Sturner W. Q. Morphine concentration and survival periods in acute heroin fatalities. New Engl. J. Med. 1973; 289: 1276
- Nakamura G. R. School of Criminology. University of California, Berkeley 1974, Doctoral dissertation
- Spector S., Vesell E. S. Disposition of morphine in man. Science 1971; 174: 421
- Laitenen L., Kanto J., Vapaavuori M., Viljanen M. K. Morphine concentration in plasma after intramuscular administration. Brit. J. Anesth. 1975; 47: 1265
- Reed D., Cravey R., personal communication
- Way E. L., Young J. M., Kemp J. W. Metabolism of heroin and its pharmacological implications. Bull. Narc. 1965; 17: 25
- Elliott H. W., Parker K. D., Wright J. A., Nomoff N. Actions and metabolism of heroin administered by continuous intravenous infusion to man. Clin. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 1971; 12: 806
- Eerola R., Alha A. Fatal poisoning with certain drug combination. J. Forensic Sci. 1964; 9: 53
- Pickett R. D. Acute toxicity of heroin alone and in combination with cocaine or quinine. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 1970; 40: 145p
- Levine L. H., Hirsch C. S., White L. W. Quinine cardiotoxicity, a mechanism for sudden death in narcotic addicts. J. Forensic Sci. 1973; 18: 167
- Nakamura G. R., Griesemer E. G., Noguchi T. T. Antemortem conversion of codeine to morphine in man. J. Forensic Sci. 1976; 21: 518
- Advenier C., Fabiani P., Quattrocchi‐Sosson P. F. Detection de la diamorphine (heroine) et de ses metabolites dans les uriner de toxicomanes. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris t 1972; 275: 877
- Boerner U., Roe R., Becker C. E. Detection, isolation, and characterization of normorphine and norcodeine as morphine metabolites in man. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1974; 26: 393