References
- Veltri J C, Litovitz T L. 1983 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1984; 2: 420–443
- Litovitz T L, Veltri J C. 1984 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1985; 3: 423–450
- Litovitz T L, Normann S A, Veltri J C. 1985 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1986; 4: 427–458
- Litovitz T L, Martin T G, Schmitz B. 1986 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1987; 5: 405–445
- Litovitz T L, Schmitz B, Matyumas N, Martin T G. 1987 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1988; 6: 479–515
- Litovitz T L, Schmitz B, Holm K C. 1988 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1989; 7: 495–545
- Litovitz T L, Schmitz B, Bailey K M. 1989 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med 1990; 8: 394–442
- Rowens B, Guerro-Betancourt D, Gottlieb C A, Boyes R J, Eichenhorn M S. Respiratory failure and death following acute inhalation of mercury vapor-a clinical and histologic perspective. Chest 1991; 99: 185–190
- Aronow R. Heavy metals and inorganic agents. Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 2nd ed., L M Haddad, J F Winchester. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia 1990; 1002–1009
- Gosselin R E, Smith R P, Hodge H C. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 5th Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1984; III262–III265
- Takeda Y, Kunugi T, Hoshino O, Ukita T. Distribution of inorganic, aryl, and alkyl mercury compounds in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1968; 13: 156–164
- Clarkson T W. The pharmacology of mercury compounds. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1972; 12: 375–406
- Passow H, Rothstein A, Clarkson T W. The general pharmacology of the heavy metals. Pharmacol Reviews 1961; 13: 185–224
- Farvar M A, Cember H. Difference between in vitro and in vivo distribution of mercury in blood proteins. J Occup Med 1969; 11: 11–15
- Fang S C, Fallin E. The binding of various mercurial compounds to serum proteins. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1976; 15: 110–117
- Lau S, Sarkar B. Inorganic mercury (II)-Binding components in normal human blood serum. J Toxicol Environ Health 1979; 5: 907–916
- Cember H, Gallagher P, Faulker A. Distribution of mercury among blood fractions and serum proteins. Amer Industr Hyg Ass J 1968; 29: 233–237
- Clarkson T W. Recent advances in the toxicology of mercury with emphasis on the alkylmercurials. Crit Rev Toxicol 1972; 1: 203–234
- Leumann E P, Brandenberger H. Hemodialysis in a patient with acute mercury cyanide intoxication. Concentrations of mercury in blood, dialysis, urine, vomitus, and feces. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1977; 11: 301–308
- Pellinen T J, Karjalainen K, Haapanen E J. Hemoperfusion in mercury poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1983; 20: 187–189
- Maher J F, Schreiner G E. The dialysis of the mercury-BAL complex. Clin Res 1959; 7: 298–299
- Lowenthal D T, Chardo F, Reidenberg M M. Removal of mercury by peritoneal dialysis. Arch Intern Med 1974; 134: 139–141
- Robillard J E, Rames L K, Jensen R L, Roberts R J. Peritoneal dialysis in mercurial diuretic intoxication. J Pediatr 1976; 88: 79–81
- Sauder P, Livardjani F, Jaeger A, et al. Acute mercury chloride intoxication. Effects of hemodialysis and plasma exchange on mercury kinetics. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988; 26: 189–197
- Rumack B H, Spoerke D S. Poisindex Systems. Poisindex Information Systems, Micromedex Inc., Denver 1991; 68
- Arena J M, Drew R H. Poisoning-Toxicology Symptoms Treatments, 5th ed. Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Springfield 1986; 198–209
- Knechtel J R. Utilization of the mercury (II) chloride complex for the long-term storage of samples containing parts per 109 levels of mercury. Analyst 1980; 105: 826–829
- Azen E A, Jensen L. Effects of halides on binding of trace concentrations of mercury to human erythrocytes. Br J Haematol 1968; 14: 653–665
- Shainoff J R. A cellulose mercurial: preparation, properties and use in antibody preparation. J Immunol 1968; 100: 187–193
- Gilman A, Allen R P, Phillips F S, St. John E. Clinical uses of 2,3-dimercaptopropanolol (BAL); treatment of acute systemic mercury poisoning in experimental animals with BAL, thiosorbitol, and BAL glucoside. J Clin Investigation 1946; 25: 549–556
- Longscope W T, Leutscher J A, Jr, Calkins E, et al. Clinical use of 2,3-dimercaptopropanolol (BAL). XI. The treatment of acute mercury poisoning by BAL. J Clin Invest 1946; 25: 557–567
- Longscope W T, Leutscher J A, Jr. The treatment of acute mercury bichloride poisoning with BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanolol). Med Clin North Am 1950; 469–484
- Doolan P D, Hess W C, Kyle L H. Acute renal insufficiency due to bichloride of mercury. Observations on gastrointestinal hemorrhage and BAL therapy. N Engl J Med 1953; 249: 273–276
- Sanchez-Sicilia L, Seto D S, Nakamoto S, Kolff W J. Acute mercury intoxication treated by hemodialysis. Ann Intern Med 1963; 59: 692–706
- Norseth T. The effect of chelating agents on biliary excretion of methyl mercuric salts in the rat. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1973; 32: 1–10
- Adam K R. The effects of dithiols on the distribution of mercury in rabbits. Br J Pharmacol 1951; 6: 483–491
- Norseth T, Clarkson T W. Intestinal transport of203 Hg-labeled methyl mercury chloride. Arch Environ Health 1971; 22: 568–576
- Yonaga T, Morita K. Comparison of the effect of N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl) phthalamidic acid, DL-penicillamine, and dimercaprol on the excretion of tissue retention of mercury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1981; 57: 197–207
- Gabard B. The excretion and distribution of inorganic mercury in the rat as influenced by several chelating agents. Arch Toxicol 1976; 35: 15–24
- Lund M E, Clarkson T W, Berlin M. Treatment of acute methylmercury ingestion by hemodialysis with N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) infusion and 2,3-Dimercaptopropane sulfonate. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1984; 22: 31–49
- Kostyniak P J, Clarkson T W, Cestero R V, Freeman R B, Abbasi A H. An extracorporeal complexing hemodialysis system for the treatment of methylmercury poisoning: I. In vitro studies of the effects of four complexing agents on the distribution and dialyzability of methylmercury in human blood. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975; 192: 260–269
- Aphosian H V. DMSA and DMPS-water soluble antidotes for heavy metal poisoning. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1983; 23: 193–215
- Aaseth J, Frielheim E A. Treatment of methyl mercury poisoning in mice with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and other complexing thiols. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1978; 42: 248–252
- Kark R AP, Poskanzer D C, Bullock J D, Boyles G. Mercury poisoning and its treatment with n-Acetyl-d, l-Penicillamine. N Engl J Med 1971; 285: 10–16
- Friedman E, Corvi C. Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, a chelating agent for the treatment of mercury poisoning. J Pharm Pharmac 1975; 27: 624–626
- Planas-Bohne F. The influence of chelating agents on the distribution and biotransformation of methylmercuric chloride in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1981; 217: 500–504
- Magos L. The effects of dimercaptosuccinic acid on the excretion and distribution of mercury in rats and mice treated with mercuric chloride and methylmercury chloride. Br J Pharmac 1976; 56: 479–484
- Chen Q, Jones T W, Brown P C, Stevens J L. The mechanism of cysteine conjugate cytotoxicity in renal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 21603–21611
- Karchu D N, Tandon S K. Chelation in metal intoxication XX: Effect of pretreatment with chelators on the distribution of mercury. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1986; 52: 399–402
- Gale G R, Atkins L M, Smith A B, Jones M M. Effects of substituted dithiocarbamates on distribution and excretion of inorganic mercury in mice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1985; 47: 293–296