74
Views
47
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A Sudden Awakening from a Near Coma After Combined Intake of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) and Ethanol

, , , &
Pages 591-594 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

References

  • Vayer P., Mandel P., Maitre M. Gamma-hydroxy-butyrate, a possible neurotransmitter. Life Sci 1987; 41: 1547–1557
  • Cash C. D. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: An overview of the pros and cons for it being a neurotransmitter and/or a useful therapeutic agent. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1994; 18: 291–304
  • Hechler V., Peter P., Gobaille S., et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate ligands possess antidopaminergic and neuroleptic-like activities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 264: 1406–1414
  • Banerjee P. K., Snead O. C. Presynaptic gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor-mediated release of GABA and glutamate (GLU) in rat thalamic ventrobasal nucleus (VB): a possible mechanism for the generation of absence-like seizures induced by GHB. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 273: 1534–1543
  • Tunnicliff G. Significance of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the brain. Gen Pharmacol 1992; 23: 1027–1034
  • Centers for Disease Control. Multistate outbreak of poisonings associated with illicit use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. JAMA 1991; 265: 447–448
  • Takahara J., Yunoki S., Yakushiji W., Yamauchi W., Yamane J. Stimulatory effects of gamma-hydroxy-butyric acid on growth hormone and prolactin release in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 44: 1014–1017
  • Thomas G., Bonner S., Gascoigne A. Coma induced by abuse of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB or liquid ecstasy): A case report. BMJ 1997; 314: 35–36
  • Mamelak M. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1989; 13: 187–198
  • Gallimberti L., Canton G., Gentile N., et al. Gammahydroxybutyric acid for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Lancet 1989; 2: 787–789
  • Gallimberti L., Cibin M., Pagnin P., et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacology 1993; 9: 77–81
  • Gallimberti L., Schifano F., Forza G., Miconi L., Ferrara S. D. Clinical efficacy of gamma-hydroxy-butyric acid in treatment of opiate withdrawal. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 244: 113–114
  • Lammers G. J., Arends J., Declerck A. C., Ferrari M. D., Schouwink G., Troost J. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and narcolepsy: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Sleep 1993; 16: 216–220
  • Thomas B., Schöntube E. [Gas chromatogrphic determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in human plasma]. Pharmazie 1993; 48: 623–624
  • Ferrara S. D., Tedeschi L., Frison G., et al. Therapeutic gamma-hydroxybutyric acid monitoring in plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharmac Biomed Anal 1993; 11: 483–487
  • Lettieri J. T., Fung H. Evaluation and development of gas chromatographic procedures for the determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone in plasma. Biochem Med 1978; 20: 70–80
  • Ferrara S. D., Zotti S., Tedeschi L., et al. Pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in alcohol dependent patients after single and repeated oral doses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34: 231–235
  • Dyer J. E. γ-Hydroxybutyrate: A health-food product producing coma and seizure-like activity. Am J Emerg Med 1991; 9: 321–324
  • Steele M. T., Watson W. A. Acute poisoning from gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Mo Med 1995; 92: 354–357
  • Chin M. Y., Kreutzer R. A., Dyer J. E. Acute poisoning from gamma-hydroxybutyrate in California. West J Med 1992; 156: 380–384
  • Ferrara S. D., Tedeschi L., Frison G., Rossi A. Fatality due to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and heroin intoxication. J Forensic Sci 1995; 40: 501–504
  • Friedman J., Westlake R., Furman M. “Grievous bodily harm”: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate abuse leading to a Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Neurology 1996; 46: 469–471
  • Stephens B. G., Baselt R. C. Driving under the influence of GHB?. J Anal Toxicol 1994; 18: 357–358
  • Shapiro H. Information for drug workers: Factsheet No 8 GHB. Institute for the study of drug dependence, London 1994
  • Turnstall M. Gamma-OH in anesthesia for caesarian section. Proc R Soc Med 1968; 61: 827–829

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.