References
- Menon GK, Elias PM. Ultrastructural localization of calcium in psoriatic and normal human epidermis. Arch Dermatol 1991;127:57–63.
- Lansdown AB. Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin. Wound Repair Regen 2002;10:271–285.
- Kulesz-Martin MF, Fabian D, Bertram JS. Differential calcium requirements for growth of mouse skin epithelial and fibroblast cells. Cell Tissue Kinet 1984;17:525–533.
- Fluhr JW, Elsner P, Berardesca E, Maibach HI. Ions. In: Bioengineering of the skin: Water and Stratum Corneum. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2005:36–47
- Menon GK, Elias PM, Lee SH, Feingold KR. Localization of calcium in murine epidermis following disruption and repair of the permeability barrier. Cell Tissue Res 1992;270:503–512.
- Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Integrity of the permeability barrier is crucial for maintenance of the epidermal calcium gradient. Br J Dermatol 1994;130:139–147.
- Tanojo H, Cullander C, Maibach HI. Monitoring the permeation of calcium ion across human stratum corneum using an ion-selective microelectrode with high spatial resolution. In Perspectives in Percutaneous Penetration. Cardiff: STS Publishing, 2000.
- Mauro T, Bench G, Sidderas-Haddad E, Feingold K, Elias P, Cullander C. Acute barrier perturbation abolishes the Ca2+ and K+ gradients in murine epidermis: quantitative measurement using PIXE. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:1198–1201.
- Tanojo H, Huang X, Maibach HI: Role of calcium ions in the regulation of skin barrier homeostasis. In Dry skin and moisturizers. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2005:63–70.
- Fluhr JW, Elsner P, Berardesca E, Maibach HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Water and Stratum Corneum. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2005
- Berardesca E, Elsner P, Wihelm KP, Maibach HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Instruments and methods. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1995.
- Lo JS, Oriba HA, Maibach HI, Bailin PL. Transepidermal potassium ion, chloride ion, and water flux across delipidized and cellophane tape-stripped skin. Dermatologica 1990;180:66–68.
- Vicanová J, Boelsma E, Mommaas AM, Kempenaar JA, Forslind B, Pallon J et al. Normalization of epidermal calcium distribution profile in reconstructed human epidermis is related to improvement of terminal differentiation and stratum corneum barrier formation. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:97–106.
- Lansdown AB, Sampson B, Rowe A. Sequential changes in trace metal, metallothionein and calmodulin concentrations in healing skin wounds. J Anat 1999;195 (Pt 3):375–386.
- Elias P, Ahn S, Brown B, Crumrine D, Feingold KR. Origin of the epidermal calcium gradient: regulation by barrier status and role of active vs passive mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 2002;119:1269–1274.
- Green M, Behrendt H, Libien G. Successive determination of Na +, Cl -, and H + activities on the skin surface with ion-selective electrodes. Clin Chem 1972;18:427–432.
- Anjo DM, Maibach H. Transepidermal chloride flux through hydrated skin: combination chloride electrode. Br J Dermatol 1981;105:39–44.