References
- Duval C, Lindberg M, Boman A, et al. Differences among moisturizers in affecting skin susceptibility to hexyl nicotinate, measured as time to increase skin blood flow. Skin Res Technol 2003;9:59–63
- Loden M, Andersson AC, Lindberg M. Improvement in skin barrier function in patients with atopic dermatitis after treatment with a moisturizing cream (Canoderm). Br J Dermatol 1999;140:264–267
- Teichmann A, Jacobi U, Waibler E, et al. An in vivo model to evaluate the efficacy of barrier creams on the level of skin penetration of chemicals. Contact Dermatitis 2006;54:5–13
- zur Muhlen A, Klotz A, Allef P, et al. Using skin models to assess the effects of a pre-work cream. Methodological aspects and perspective of the industry. Curr Probl Dermatol 2007;34:19–32
- Beeckman D, Schoonhoven L, Verhaeghe S, et al. Prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis: literature review. J Adv Nurs 2009;65:1141–1154
- Bliss DZ, Zehrer C, Savik K, et al. An economic evaluation of four skin damage prevention regimens in nursing home residents with incontinence: economics of skin damage prevention. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2007;34:143–152; discussion 152
- Denat Y, Khorshid L. The effect of 2 different care products on incontinence-associated dermatitis in patients with fecal incontinence. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2011;38:171–176
- Gray M. Optimal management of incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010;11:201–210
- Gray M, Bliss DZ, Doughty DB, et al. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a consensus. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2007;34:45–54; quiz 55–56
- Gray M, Weir D. Prevention and treatment of moisture-associated skin damage (maceration) in the periwound skin. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2007;34:153–157
- Nix D, Haugen V. Prevention and management of incontinence-associated dermatitis. Drugs Aging 2010;27:491–496
- Fischer T, Rystedt I. Skin protection against ionized cobalt and sodium lauryl sulphate with barrier creams. Contact Dermatitis 1983;9:125–130
- Korinth G, Luersen L, Schaller KH, et al. Enhancement of percutaneous penetration of aniline and o-toluidine in vitro using skin barrier creams. Toxicol In Vitro 2008;22:812–818
- van der Bijl P, Gareis A, Lee H, et al. Effects of two barrier creams on the diffusion of benzo[a]pyrene across human skin. SADJ 2002;57:49–52
- Chilcott RP, Jenner J, Hotchkiss SA, Rice P. Evaluation of barrier creams against sulphur mustard. I. In vitro studies using human skin. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2002;15:225–235
- Saary J, Qureshi R, Palda V, et al. A systematic review of contact dermatitis treatment and prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:845 e1–e13
- Chilcott RP, Dalton CH, Ashley Z, et al. Evaluation of barrier creams against sulphur mustard: (II) in vivo and in vitro studies using the domestic white pig. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2007;26:235–247
- Millerioux J, Cruz C, Bazire A, et al. Evaluation of in vitro tests to assess the efficacy of formulations as topical skin protectants against organophosphorus compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2009;23:127–133
- Kesick CA, Latzka WA, McCreery MJ, et al. Assessment of non-abraded wear of skin exposure reduction paste against chemical warfare agents (SERPACWA). Natick, MA: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Technical Report T-02/11; 2002
- Chilcott RP, Farrar R. Biophysical measurements of human forearm skin in vivo: effects of site, gender, chirality and time. Skin Res Technol 2000;6:64–69
- Nilsson GE, Zhai H, Chan HP, et al. Cutaneous bioengineering instrumentation standardization: the tissue viability imager. Skin Res Technol 2009;15:6–13
- Taylor H. Instruments for measuring skin toxicity. In: Chilcott RP, Price SC, eds. Principles and practice of skin toxicology. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 2008:201–220
- Fountain RB, Baker BS, Hadgraft JW, Sarkany I. The rate of absorption and duration of action of four different solutions of methyl nicotinate. Br J Dermatol 1969;81:202–206
- Issachar N, Poelman MC, Brin AJ, Perrin S. A new method for skin care product evaluation based on the laser Doppler imaging technique. Int J Cosmet Sci 1996;18:261–267
- Rawlings AV, Lombard KJ. A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012;34:511–518
- Roberts D, Marks R. The determination of regional and age variations in the rate of desquamation: a comparison of four techniques. J Invest Dermatol 1980;74:13–16