Aflatoxin Metabolites in the Urine of Nigerians Comparison of Chromatographic Methods

References

• Nwokolo C., Okonkwo P. Aflatoxin load of common food in savanna and forest regions of Nigeria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1978; 72: 329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alozie T.C., Rotimi C.N., Oyibo B.B. Production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus flavus (UBMI) in some Nigerian indigenous beverages and foodstuffs. Mycopath. 1980; 70: 125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bean T.A. Development of a high performance liquid chromatography method for aflatoxins in human urine and analysis of aflatoxin metabolite excretion in Nigerians. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Missouri, Kansas City 1988
   Google Scholar
• Messripour M., Nesheim S. A column detection method for aflatoxin M1 in milk and urine. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis 1977; 54: 363–371
   Google Scholar
• Lovelace C.E.A., Njapau H., Salter L.F., Bayley A.C. Screening method for the detection of aflatoxin and metabolites in human urine: aflatoxin B1, G1, M1, B2a, G2a, aflatoxicol I and II. J. of Chromatog. 1982; 227: 256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell T.C., Cádo J.P., Jr., Bulatao-Jaume L., Salamat L., Engel R.W. Aflatoxin M1 in human urine. Nature 1970; 227: 403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyathi C.B., Mutiro C.F., Hasler J.A., Chetsange C.J. A survey of urinary aflatoxin in Zimbabwe. Intl. J. Epidemiol. 1987; 16: 516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoloff L. Carcinogenicity of aflatoxins. Science 1987; 237: 1283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu W.G., Tien C.C., Wang Y.H., Ting T.Y., Fong Y.C., Loung Y.T., Huang S.S. Urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 in inhabitants of region with high liver cancer incidence in Guangxi. (In Chinese). Hyg Invest 1983; 27: 152
   Google Scholar
• Baertschi S.W., Raney K.D., Stone M.P., Harris T.M. Preparation of the 8,9-epoxide of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1: the ultimate carcinogenic species. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988; 110: 7929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dragsted L.O., Larsen AI., Bull I., Autrup H. Aflatoksinudskillelse hoserhver-vseksponerede havnearbejdere. Ugeskr. Láger 1985; 147: 4148
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alpert M.E., Hutt M.S.R., Wogan G.N., Davidson C.S. Association between aflatoxin content of food and hepatoma frequency in Uganda. Cancer 1971; 28: 253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Jia-qi, Zhang Li-sheng, Hu X., Xiao Y., Chen Jun-shi, Xu Yi-chun, Fremy J., Chu F.S. Correlation of dietary aflatoxin B1 levels with excretion of aflatoxin M1 in human urine. Cancer Res. 1987; 47: 1848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakunle Y.M., Ajdukiewicz A.B., Greenwood B.M., Edington G.M. Primary liver cell carcinoma (PLCC) in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1977; 71: 335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keen P., Martin P. Is aflatoxin carcinogenic in man? The evidence in Swaziland. Trop. Geogr. Med. 1971; 23: 44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Rensburg S.J., Van der Watt J.J., Purchase I.F.H., Coutinho L.P., Markham R. Primary liver cancer rate and aflatoxin intake in high cancer area. S. Afr. Med. J. 1974; 48: 2508a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rensburg S.J., Cook-Mozaffari P., van Schalkwyk D.J., Van der Watt J.J., Vincent T.J., Purchase I.F. Hepatocellular carcinoma and dietary aflatoxin in Mozambique and Transkei. Br. J. Cancer 1985; 51: 7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shank R.C., Wogan G.N. Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. I. Toxigenic molds in foods and foodstuffs of tropical South-east Asia. Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 1972; 10: 51
   Google Scholar
• Shank R.C., Wogan G.N. Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. II. Aflatoxins in market foods and foodstuffs of Thailand and Hong Kong. Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 1972; 10: 61
   Google Scholar
• Shank R.C., Gordon J.E., Wogan G.N., Nondasuta A., Subhamani B. Dietary aflatoxins and human liver coander. III. Field survey of rural Thai families for ingested aflatoxins. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 1972; 10: 71
   Google Scholar
• Shank R.C., Bhamarapravati N., Gordon J.E., Wogan G.N. Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. IV. Incidence of primary liver cancer in two municipal populations of Thailand. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 1972; 10: 171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wogan G.N. Dietary factors and special epidemiological situations of liver cancer in Thailand and Africa. Cancer Res. 1975; 35: 3499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagshawe A.F., Gacengi D.M., Cameron C.H., Dorman J., Dane D.S. Hepatitis Bs antigen and liver cancer. A population based study in Kenya. J. Cancer 1975; 31: 581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peers F.G., Linsell C.A. Dietary aflatoxins and liver cancer. A population based study in Kenya. Br. J. Cancer 1973; 27: 473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peers F.G., Gilman G.A., Linsell C.A. Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. A study in Swaziland. Int. J. Cancer 1976; 17: 167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar