References
- IOC Medical Commission. Prohibited classes of substances and prohibited methods. IOC Medical Code and Explanatory Document. IOC headquarter, Lausanne 1995; 51
- Donike M., Ueki M., Kuroda Y., Geyer H., Norteernsting E., Rauth S., Schaenzer W., Schindler U., Voelker E., Fujisaki M. Detection of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doping: alterations in the steroid profile and reference ranges for DHT and its 5α-metabolites. J. Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995; 35: 1–99
- Shinohara Y., Baba S. Stable isotope methodology in the pharmacokinetic studies of androgenic steroids in humans. Steroids 1990; 55: 170
- Donike M., B%rwald K. R., Klosterman K., Sh%zer W., Zimmermann J., Mandel F. Nachweis von exogenem Testosteron. Sport; Leistung und Gesundheit, H. Heck, W. Hollmann, H. Liesen, R. Rost. Deutscher frtze Verlag, Kln 1983; 293
- Baulieu E. E., Corpëchot C., Dray F., Emiliozzi R., Lebeau M. C., Mauvais-Jrvis P., Robel P. An adrenal-secreted “Androgen”: Dehydroisoandrosterone Sulfate. Its Metabolism and a Tentative Generalization on the Metabolism of Other Steroid Conjugates in Man. Recent Progr Hormone Res. 1965; 21: 411
- Sch%nzer W., Horning S., Donike M. Synthesis and Metabolism of [16,16,16-2H3]-5α-Dihydrolestosterone. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis (3), M. Donike, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1996; 201
- Ueki M., Fujisaki M., Ikekita A., Hiruma T., Okano M. Epiandrosterone glucuronide as a sign to indicate natural hormone doping. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis(5), W. Sch%nzer, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1997; 71
- Ueki M. Chemical Analysis in Sports Medicine. Biological Mass Spectrometry-Present and Future, T. Matsuo, R. M. Caprioli, M. L. Gross, Y. Seyama. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 1994; 631
- Clark A. F. Steroid δ4-reductase; their physiological role and significance. Steroid Biochemistry, R. Hobkirk. CRC press, Boca Raton 1979; 1, 1
- Southan G. J., Brooks R. V., Cowan D. A., Kicman A T., Unnadkat N., Walker C. J. Possible indices for the detection of dihydrotestosterone to athletes. J. Steroid Biochem Molec. Biol 1992; 42(1)87
- Kicman A., Coutts S. B., Walker C. J., Cowan D. A. Proposed Confirmatory Procedure for Detecting 5α-Dihydrolestosterone Doping in Male Athletes. Clin Chem. 1995; 41: 1617
- Ueki M., Fujisaki M., IkekitaHiruma T., Okano M. Some followed up cases of doping with naturally occurring steroids: testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis(3), M. Donike, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1996; 231
- Mareck-Engelke U., Geyer H., Donike M. Stability of steroid profiles (3): The circadian rhythm of urinary ratios and excretion rates of endogenous steroids in Male. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis (2), M. Donike, H. Geyer, A Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1995; 121
- Ayotte C., Charlebois A. T/E values: measurements and observations. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis(4), W. Sch%nzer, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1996; 91
- Flood J F., Roberts E. Memory-enhancing effects in male mice of pregnenolone and steroids metabolically derived from it. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. 1992; 89: 1567
- Dean W., Morgenthaler J., Fowkes S. W. Steroids and Aging. Smart Srugs II. Health Freedom Publications, Petaluma, CA 1997; 81
- Ueki M., Ikekita A., Fujisaki M., Hiruma T., Okano M. Steroid Profiles. Disease and Gender Verification: Inborn errors of metabolism. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis (3), M. Donike, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1996; 115
- Kuoppasalmi K., Leinonen A. Improved detection of exogenous testosterone in doping analysis. proceeding of the 3rd World Conference on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Stockholm, 1986, No.348
- de la Torre X., Segura J., Polettini A., Montagna M. Detection of testosterone esters in human plasma. J. Mass Spectrom 1995; 30: 1393
- Becchi M., Aguilera R., Farizon Y., Flament M. M., Casabianca H., James P. The carbon itotope ratio changes after administration of exogenous testosterone. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1994; 8: 30
- Aguilera R., Becchi M., Casabianca H., Hatton C., Catlin D. H., Starcevic B., Pope H. G., Jr. Improved method of detection of testosterone abuse by gaschromatography/combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of urinary steroids. J. Mass Spectrom. 1996; 31: 169
- Horning S., Geyer H., Machnik M., Sch%nzer W. Detection of exogenous testosterone by 13C12C analysis. Recent Advances in Doping Analysis(4), W. Sch%nzer, H. Geyer, A. Gotzmann, U. Mareck-Engelke. SPORT und BUCH Strau▪, Edition Sport-Kln. 1997; 115
- Shackleton C. H., Roitman E., Phillips A., Chang T. Androslanediol and 5-androstenediol profiling for detecting exogenously administered dihydrotestosterone, epitestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone: potential use in gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Steroids 1997; 62: 1, (accepted for publication)
- Axelson M., Sahlberg B-L., Sj%vall J. Analysis of profiles of conjugated steroids in urine by ion-exchange separation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogra 1981; 224: 355