Meta-analysis: Fact or fiction? How to interpret meta-analyses

References

• Ades AE, Lu G, Higgins JPT. 2005. The interpretation of random-effects meta-analysis in decision models. Med Decis Making 25:646–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandelow B, Zohar J, Kasper S, Möller HJ. 2008. How to grade categories of evidence. World J Biol Psychiatry 9:242–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett DA. 2001. How can I deal with missing data in my study? Aust NZ J Public Health 25:464–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Geddes JR, Higgins JPT, Churchill R, . 2009. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 373:746–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Duval S, Tweedie R. 2000. Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 56:455–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. 1997. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 315:629–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fountoulakis KN, Möller HJ. 2010. Efficacy of antidepressants: a re-analysis and reinterpretation of the Kirsch data. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD, Dimidjian S, Amsterdam JD, Shelton RC, . 2010. Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level metaanalysis. J Am Med Assoc 303:47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa TA, Barbui C, Cipriani A, Brambilla P, Watanabe N. 2006. Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results. J Clin Epidemiol 59:7–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg AX, Hackam D, Tonelli M. 2008. Systematic review and meta-analysis: when one study is just not enough. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geddes JR, Calabrese JR, Goodwin GM. 2009. Lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar depression: independent meta-analysis and meta-regression of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Br J Psychiatry 194:4–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand LA, Strunk DR, Tu XM, Noble RES, Derubeis RJ. 2006. Bias resulting from the use of ‘assay sensitivity’ as an inclusion criterion for meta-analysis. Stat Med 25:943–955.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammad TA, Laughren T, Racoosin J. 2006. Suicidality in pediatric patients treated with antidepressant drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:332–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen RA, Moore CG, Dusetzina SB, Leinwand BI, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN. 2009. Controlling for drug dose in systematic review and meta-analysis: a case study of the effect of antidepressant dose. Med Decis Making 29:91–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harbord RM, Whiting P, Sterne JAC, Egger M, Deeks JJ, Shang A, . 2008. An empirical comparison of methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy showed hierarchical models are necessary. J Clin Epidemiol 61:1095–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy RJ, Thompson SG. 1998. Detecting and describing heterogeneity in meta-analysis. Stat Med 17:841–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedges LV, Pigott TD. 2001. The power of statistical tests in meta-analysis. Psychol Methods 6:203–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedges LV, Pigott TD. 2004. The power of statistical tests for moderators in metaanalysis. Psychol Methods 9:426–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins J, Green S, 2009. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.0.2. The Cochrane Collaboration.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. 2003. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Br Med J 327:557–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, White IR, Wood AM. 2008. Imputation methods for missing outcome data in meta-analysis of clinical trials. Clin Trials 5:225–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horder J, Matthews P, Waldmann R. 2010. Placebo, prozac and plos: significant lessons for psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ioannidis JPA. 2005. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med 2:e124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson D. 2006. The power of the standard test for the presence of heterogeneity in meta-analysis. Stat Med 25: 2688–2699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jüni P, Witschi A, Bloch R, Egger M. 1999. The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 282:1054–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasper S. 2010. The proof of efficacy in psychopharmacology: clinical studies, metaanalysis and evidence-based medicine. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan A, Leventhal RM, Khan SR, Brown WA. 2002. Severity of depression and response to antidepressants and placebo: an analysis of the food and drug administration database. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22:40–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch I, Deacon BJ, Huedo-Medina TB, Scoboria A, Moore TJ, Johnson BT. 2008. Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the food and drug administration. PLoS Med 5:e45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert PC, Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, Jones DR. 2002. A comparison of summary patient-level covariates in meta-regression with individual patient data meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 55: 86–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WL, Bausell RB, Berman BM. 2001. The growth of health-related meta-analyses published from 1980 to 2000. Eval Health Prof 24:327–335.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, . 2009. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 6:e1000100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier W, Möller HJ. 2010. Meta-analyses: a method to maximise the evidence from clinical studies? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melander H, Ahlqvist-Rastad J, Meijer G, Beermann B. 2003. Evidence b(i)ased medicine–selective reporting from studies sponsored by pharmaceutical industry: review of studies in new drug applications. Br Med J 326:1171–1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melander H, Salmonson T, Abadie E, van Zwieten-Boot B. 2008. A regulatory apologia – a review of placebo-controlled studies in regulatory submissions of new-generation antidepressants. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 18:623–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF. 1999. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. quality of reporting of meta-analyses. Lancet 354:1896–1900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Möller HJ, Broich K. 2010. Principle standards and problems regarding proof of efficacy in clinical psychopharmacology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:3–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Möller HJ, Maier W. 2010. Evidence-based medicine in psychopharmacotherapy: possibilities, problems and limitations. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:25–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patsopoulos NA, Analatos AA, Ioannidis JPA. 2005. Relative citation impact of various study designs in the health sciences. J Am Med Assoc 293:2362–2366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson K. 1904. Report on certain enteric fever inoculation statistics. Br Med J 3:1243–1246.
   Google Scholar
• Petticrew M. 2001. Systematic reviews from astronomy to zoology: myths and misconceptions. Br Med J 322:98–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson C, Idris NRN, Boyle P. 2004. Beyond classical meta-analysis: can inadequately reported studies be included? Drug Discov Today 9:924–931.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sneed JR, Rutherford BR, Rindskopf D, Lane DT, Sackeim HA, Roose SP. 2008. Design makes a difference: a meta-analysis of antidepressant response rates in placebocontrolled versus comparator trials in late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:65–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart LA, Tierney JF. 2002. To IPD or not to IPD? Advantages and disadvantages of systematic reviews using individual patient data. Eval Health Prof 25:76–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton AJ, Higgins JPT. 2008. Recent developments in meta-analysis. Stat Med 27:625–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor MJ, Freemantle N, Geddes JR, Bhagwagar Z. 2006. Early onset of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant action: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:1217–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrin N, Schmid CH, Lau J, Olkin I. 2003. Adjusting for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity. Stat Med 22: 2113–2126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson SG. 1994. Why sources of heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be investigated. Br Med J 309:1351–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson SG, Higgins JPT. 2002. How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted? Stat Med 21: 1559–1573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tritchler D. 1999. Modelling study quality in meta-analysis. Stat Med 18:2135–2145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner EH, Matthews AM, Linardatos E, Tell RA, Rosenthal R. 2008. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. New Engl J Med 358:252–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh BT, Seidman SN, Sysko R, Gould M. 2002. Placebo response in studies of major depression: variable, substantial, and growing. J Am Med Assoc 287:1840–1847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar