Identification of a blood-based biological signature in subjects with psychiatric disorders prior to clinical manifestation

References

• Afzali B, Lombardi G, Lechler RI, Lord GM. 2007. The role of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in human organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Immunol 148:32–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Institute 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. 1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Statist Soc 57:289–300.
   Google Scholar
• Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig LM, . 2003. Standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. Clin Chem 49:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman, L. 2001. Random forests. Machine Learning 45:5–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng TM, Lu YE, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Harris LW, Wang L, . 2010. Identification of targeted analyte clusters for studies of schizophrenia. Mol Cell Proteomics 9: 510–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csernansky JG, Schuchart EK. 2002. Relapse and rehospitalisation rates in patients with schizophrenia: effects of second generation antipsychotics. CNS Drugs 16:473–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean B, Digney A, Sundram S, Thomas E, Scarr E. 2008. Plasma apolipoprotein E is decreased in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 158:75–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drexhage RC, Hoogenboezem TA, Cohen D, Versnel MA, Nolen WA, van Beveren NJ, . 2011. An activated set point of T-cell and monocyte inflammatory networks in recent-onset schizophrenia patients involves both pro- and anti-inflammatory forces. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 24:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Eyles DW, McGrath JJ, Reynolds GP. 2002. Neuronal calcium-binding proteins and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 57:27–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fessel WJ, Solomon GF. 1960. Psychosis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the literature and case reports. Calif Med 92:266–270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldberg RB. 2009. Cytokine and cytokine-like inflammation markers, endothelial dysfunction, and imbalanced coagulation in development of diabetes and its complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:3171–3182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest PC, Wang L, Harris LW, Burling K, Levin Y, Ernst A, . 2010. Increased levels of circulating insulin-related peptides in first-onset, antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry 15:118–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest PC, Schwarz E, Krishnamurthy D, Harris LW, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, . 2011. Altered levels of circulating insulin and other neuroendocrine hormones associated with the onset of schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Aug; 36(7):1092–1096. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helle KB, Corti A, Metz-Boutigue MH, Tota B. 2007. The endocrine role for chromogranin A: a prohormone for peptides with regulatory properties. Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2863–2886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howes OD, Kapur S. 2009. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III – the final common pathway. Schizophr Bull 35:549–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin Y, Wang L, Schwarz E, Koethe D, Leweke FM, Bahn S. 2010. Global proteomic profiling reveals altered proteomic signature in schizophrenia serum. Mol Psychiatry 15:1088–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins-de-Souza D, Wobrock T, Zerr I, Schmitt A, Gawinecka J, Schneider-Axmann T, . 2010. Different apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A1 and prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase levels in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. World J Biol Psychiatry 11:719–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew M, Tay E, Cusi K. 2010. Elevated plasma free fatty acids increase cardiovascular risk by inducing plasma biomarkers of endothelial activation, myeloperoxidase and PAI-1 in healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Diabetol 9:9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGorry PD. 2002. The recognition and optimal management of early psychosis: an evidence-based reforum. World Psychiatry 1:76– 83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Millikan AM, Weber NS, Niebuhr DW, Li Y, Torrey EF, Cowan DN. 2007. Evaluation of Data obtained from military disability medical administrative databases for service members with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Mil Med 172(10):1032–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller HJ. 2004. Course and long-term treatment of schizophrenic psychoses. Pharmacopsychiatry 37(Suppl 2):126–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller N, Riedel M, Schwarz MJ, Engel RR. 2005. Clinical effects of COX-2 inhibitors on cognition in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 255:149–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niebuhr DW, Millikan AM, Yolken R, Li Y, Weber NS. 2008. Results from a hypothesis generating case-control study: Herpes family viruses and schizophrenia among military personnel. Schizophr Bull 34(6):1182–1188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson BM, Hultman CM, Wiesel FA. 2006, Niacin skin-flush response and electrodermal activity in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 74:339–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman RMG, Malla, AK. 2001. Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychol Med 31:381–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang W, Filvaroff E, Hu Y, Grogan J. 2009. Novel therapeutic targets along the Th17 pathway. Eur J Immunol 39:634–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds GP, Zhang ZJ, Beasley CL. 2001. Neurochemical correlates of cortical GABAergic deficits in schizophrenia: selective losses of calcium binding protein immunoreactivity. Brain Res Bull 55:579–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saoud M, Schmitt A, Schwartz M, Thome J, Uzbekov M, Durany N, . 2009. Schizophrenia: from the brain to peripheral markers. A consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers. World J Biol Psychiatry 10:127–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz E, Izmailov R, Spain M, Barnes A, Mapes JP, Guest PC, . 2010. Validation of a blood-based laboratory test to aid in the confirmation of a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Biomarker Insights 5:1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. 2006. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 116:1793–1801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SP. 2007. Outcome measures in early psychosis; relevance of duration of untreated psychosis. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 50:s58–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stober G, Ben-Shachar D, Cardon M, Falkai P, Fonteh AN, Gawlik M, . 2009. Schizophrenia: from the brain to peripheral markers. A consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers.World J Biol Psychiatry 11:154–155.
   Google Scholar
• Sutcliffe JG, Thomas EA. 2002. The neurobiology of apolipoproteins in psychiatric disorders. Mol Neurobiol 26:369–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar