210
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Impaired activation of the innate immune response to bacterial challenge in Tourette syndrome

, , , , , & show all
Pages 453-458 | Received 21 Aug 2013, Accepted 17 Mar 2014, Published online: 09 Jun 2014

References

  • Cheng YH, Zheng Y, He F, Yang JH, Li WB, Wang ML, et al. 2012. Detection of autoantibodies and increased concentrations of interleukins in plasma from patients with Tourette's syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 48:219–224.
  • Elamin I, Edwards MJ, Martino D. 2013. Immune dysfunction in Tourette syndrome. Behav Neurol 27:23–32.
  • Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL. 1989. The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1006–1011.
  • Hollander M, Wolfe DA, Chicken E. 2013. Nonparametric statistical methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hanamsagar R, Hanke ML, Kielian T. 2012. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and inflammasome actions in the central nervous system. Trends Immunol 33:333–342.
  • Kitchens RL, Thompson PA. 2005. Modulatory effects of sCD14 and LBP on LPS-host cell interactions. J Endotoxin Res 11:225–229.
  • Krause DL, Muller N. 2012. The relationship between Tourette's syndrome and infections. Open Neurol J 6:124–128.
  • Latz E, Visintin A, Lien E, Fitzgerald KA, Monks BG, Kurt-Jones EA, et al. 2002. Lipopolysaccharide rapidly traffics to and from the Golgi apparatus with the toll-like receptor 4-MD-2-CD14 complex in a process that is distinct from the initiation of signal transduction. J Biol Chem 277: 47834–47843.
  • Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, Ort SI, Swartz KL, Stevenson J, et al. 1989. The yale global tic severity scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:566–573.
  • Leckman JF, Katsovich L, Kawikova I, Lin H, Zhang H, Kronig H, et al. 2005. Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette's syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 57:667–673.
  • Leweke FM, Gerth CW, Koethe D, Klosterkotter J, Ruslanova I, Krivogorsky B, et al. 2004. Antibodies to infectious agents in individuals with recent onset schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 254:4–8.
  • Mallard C. 2012. Innate immune regulation by toll-like receptors in the brain. ISRN Neurology 2012:701950.
  • Marsh B, Stevens SL, Packard AE, Gopalan B, Hunter B, Leung PY, et al. 2009. Systemic lipopolysaccharide protects the brain from ischemic injury by reprogramming the response of the brain to stroke: a critical role for IRF3. J Neurosci 29:9839–9849.
  • Martino D, Dale RC, Gilbert DL, Giovannoni G, Leckman JF. 2009. Immunopathogenic mechanisms in tourette syndrome: a critical review. Mov Disord 24:1267–1279.
  • Matz J, Krause DL, Dehning S, Riedel M, Gruber R, Schwarz MJ, et al. 2012. Altered monocyte activation markers in Tourette's syndrome: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 12:29.
  • McGettrick AF, O’Neill LA. 2007. Toll-like receptors: key activators of leucocytes and regulator of haematopoiesis. Br J Haematol 139:185–193.
  • Morer A, Chae W, Henegariu O, Bothwell AL, Leckman JF, Kawikova I. 2010. Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in basal ganglia of Tourette syndrome cases. Brain Behav Immun 24:1069–1073.
  • Müller N. 2007. Tourette's syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 9:161–171.
  • Müller N, Riedel M, Blendinger C, Oberle K, Jacobs E, bele-Horn M. 2004. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and Tourette's syndrome. Psychiatry Res 129:119–125.
  • Pollmacher T, Haack M, Schuld A, Kraus T, Hinze-Selch D. 2000. Effects of antipsychotic drugs on cytokine networks. J Psychiatr Res 34:369–382.
  • Rivest S. 2009. Regulation of innate immune responses in the brain. Nat Rev Immunol 9:429–439.
  • Robertson MM, Eapen V, Cavanna AE. 2009. The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: a cross-cultural perspective. J Psychosom Res. 67:475–483.
  • Robertson MM, Stern JS. 1998. Tic disorders: new developments in Tourette syndrome and related disorders. Curr Opin Neurol. 11:373–380.
  • Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, Mittleman B, Allen AJ, Perlmutter S, et al. 1998. Pediatric autoimmune neuro psychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 155: 264–271.
  • Tahara K, Kim HD, Jin JJ, Maxwell JA, Li L, Fukuchi K. 2006. Role of toll-like receptor signalling in Abeta uptake and clearance. Brain 129:3006–3019.
  • Williams DW, Eugenin EA, Calderon TM, Berman JW. 2012. Monocyte maturation, HIV susceptibility, and transmigration across the blood brain barrier are critical in HIV neuropathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 91:401–415.
  • Yang H, Daun JM, Rose JR, Christ WJ, Gusovsky F, Chow JC. 2000. Examination of chlorpromazine and other amphipathic drugs on the activity of lipopolysaccaride antagonists, E5564 and E5531. J Endotoxin Res 6:447–452.
  • Zhu J, Smith K, Hsieh PN, Mburu YK, Chattopadhyay S, Sen GC, et al. 2010. A high throughput screening for TLR3-IRF3 signaling pathway modulators identifies several antipsychotic drug as TLR inhibitors. J Immunol 184:5768–5776.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.