Sleep quality, problematic cannabis use and posttraumatic stress symptoms among medical cannabis users

References

• Adamson, S., Kay-Lambkin, F., Baker, A., Lewin, T., Thornton, L., Kelly, B., & Sellman, J. (2010). An improved brief measure of cannabis misuse: The Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110, 137–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken, L., & West, S. (Eds.). (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Revised 4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author
   Google Scholar
• Annaheim, B. (2012). Who is smoking pot for fun and who is not? An overview of instruments to screen for cannabis-related problems in general population surveys. Addiction Research & Theory, 21, 410–428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babson, K.A., Boden, M.T., & Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2013). The impact of perceived sleep quality and sleep efficiency/duration on cannabis use during a self-guided quit attempt. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 2707–2713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babson, K.A., Boden, M.T., Harris, A.H., Stickle, T.R., & Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2013). Poor sleep quality as a risk factor for lapse following a cannabis quit attempt. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 44, 438–443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babson, K.A., Boden, M.T., Woodward, S., Alvarez, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. (2013). Anxiety sensitivity and sleep quality: Independent and interactive predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201, 48–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babson, K.A., & Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2014). Sleep disturbances: Implications for cannabis use, cannabis use cessation, and cannabis use treatment. Current Addiction Reports, 1, 109–114
   Google Scholar
• Blake, D., Weathers, F., Nagy, L., Kaloupek, D., Gusman, F., Charney, D., & Keane, T. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 75–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boals, A., & Schuettler, D. (2009). PTSD symptoms in response to traumatic and non-traumatic events: The role of respondent perception and A2 criterion. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 458–462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden, M.T., Babson, K.A., Vujanovic, A.A., Short, N.A., & Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. The American Journal on Addictions, 22, 277–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnert, K.M., Perron, B.E., Ashrafioun, L., Kleinberg, F., Jannausch, M., & Ilgen, M.A. (2014). Positive posttraumatic stress disorder screens among first-time medical cannabis patients: Prevalence and association with other substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 1414–1417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn-Miller, M.O., Babson, K.A., & Vandrey, R. (2014). Using cannabis to help you sleep: Heightened frequency of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 136, 162–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn-Miller, M.O., Babson, K.A., Vujanovic, A.A., & Feldner, M.T. (2010). Sleep problems and PTSD symptoms interact to predict marijuana use coping motives: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 6, 111–122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn-Miller, M.O., Boden. M.T., Bucossi, M.M., & Babson, K.A. (2014). Self-reported cannabis use characteristics, patterns, and helpfulness among medical cannabis users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 40, 23–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn-Miller, M.O., Boden, M.T., Vujanovic, A.A., & Drescher, K.D. (2011). A prospective investigation of the impact of cannabis use disorders on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among veterans in residential treatment. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5, 193–200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn-Miller, M.O., & Zvolensky, M.J. (2009). An evaluation of the nature of marijuana use and its motives among young adult active users. The American Journal on Addictions, 18, 409–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruno, R., Marshall, S., & Adamson S. (2013). Screening for DSM-5 cannabis dependence using the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test – Revised (CUDIT-R). Brisbane: Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs
   Google Scholar
• Buysse, D., Reynolds, C., Monk, T., & Berman, S. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates
   Google Scholar
• Cougle, J.R., Bonn-Miller, M.O., Vujanovic, A.A., Zvolensky, M.J., & Hawkins, K.A. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use in a nationally representative sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 554–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crippa, J.A., Zuardi, A.W., Martín-Santos, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2009). Cannabis and anxiety: A critical review of the evidence. Human Psychopharmacology, 24, 515–523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D.M., & Horwood, L.J. (2000). Cannabis use and dependence in a New Zealand birth cohort. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 113, 156–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer, G.R., Grob, C.S., & Halberstadt, A.L. (2014). PTSD symptom reports of patients evaluated for the New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46, 73–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard, R., Marsden, M., Rachal, J., Harwood, H., Cavanaugh, E., & Ginzburg, H. (1989). Drug abuse treatment: A national study of effectiveness. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press
   Google Scholar
• Inslicht, S.S., Marmar, C.R., Neylan, T.C., Metzler, T.J., Hart, S.L., Otte, C. … Baum, A. (2006). Increased cortisol in women with intimate partner violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 825–838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, E., & Breslau, N. (2001). Sleep problems and substance use in adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 64, 1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, D., Leskin, G., King, L., & Weathers, F. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale: Evidence for the dimensionality of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Assessment, 10, 90–96
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krakow, B., Artar, A., Warner, T., Melendrez, D., Johnston, L., Hollifield, M., Germain, A., & Koss, M. (2000). Sleep disorder, depression and suicidality in female sexual assault survivors. Crisis, 21, 163–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leskin, G., Woodward, S., Young, H., & Sheikh, J. (2002). Effects of comorbid diagnoses on sleep disturbance in PTSD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 36, 449–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellman, T. (1997). Psychobiology of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 821, 142–149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadorff, M.R., Nazem, S., & Fiske, A. (2011). Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample. Sleep, 34, 93–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishith, P., Resick, P.A., & Mueser, K.T. (2001). Sleep difficulties and alcohol use motives in female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 469–479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, F.H., Kaniasty, K., Conrad, M.L., Inman, G.L., & Murphy, A.D. (2002). Placing age differences in cultural context: A comparison of the effects of age on PTSD after disasters in the United States, Mexico, and Poland. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8, 153–173
   Google Scholar
• Passie, T., Emrich, H., Brandt, S., & Halpern, J. (2012). Mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by cannabis resin: A review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence. Drug Testing and Analysis, 4, 649–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picchioni, D., Cabrera, O.A., McGurk, D., Thomas, J.L., Castro, C.A., Balkin, T.J. … Hoge, C.W. (2010). Sleep symptoms as a partial mediator between combat stressors and other mental health symptoms in Iraq war veterans. Military Psychology, 22, 340–355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinarman, C., Nunberg, H., Lanthier, F., & Heddleston, T. (2011). Who are medical marijuana patients? Population characteristics from nine California assessment clinics. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 43, 128–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinaugh, D.J., & McNally, R.J. (2011). Trauma centrality and PTSD symptom severity in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24, 483–486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roane, B.M., & Taylor, D.J. (2008). Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep, 31, 1351–1356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggiero, K.J., Del Ben, K., Scotti, J.R., & Rabalais, A.E. (2003). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist – Civilian version. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 495–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, J., Aasland, O., Babor, T., de la Fuente, J., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. Addition, 88, 791–804
   Google Scholar
• Schierenbeck, T., Riemann, D., Berger, M., & Homyak, M. (2008). Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: Cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12, 381–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoormaker, V., & Montgomery, P. (2008). Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: Secondary symptom or core feature? Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12, 169–184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, S.H., Pihl, R.O., Conrod, P.J., & Dongier, M. (1998). Functional associations among trauma, PTSD, and substance-related disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 797–812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift, W., Hall, W., Didcott, P., & Reilly, D. (1998). Patterns and correlates of cannabis dependence among long-term users in an Australian rural area. Addiction, 93, 1149–1160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandrey, R., Smith, M.T., McCann, U.D., Budney, A.J., & Curran, E.M. (2011). Sleep disturbance and the effects of extended-release zolpidem during cannabis withdrawal. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 117, 34–44
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitiello, M.V., Larsen, L.H., & Moe, K.E. (2004). Age-related sleep change: Gender and estrogen effects on the subjective–objective sleep quality relationships of healthy, noncomplaining older men and women. Journal of psychosomatic research, 56, 503–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., O'Hara, M., Simms, L., Kotov, R., Chmielewski, M., McDade-Montez, E., … Stuart, S. (2007). Development and validation of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS). Psychological Assessment, 19, 253–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX
   Google Scholar