Design of instructional illustrations in medicine

References

• Allen W. H. Audio–visual communication. Encyclopaedia of Educational Research, 3rd ed, C. W. Harris. MacMillan, New York 1960
   Google Scholar
• Allen W. H. Intellectual abilities and instructional media design. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1975; 23: 139
   Google Scholar
• Allen W. H., Cooney S. M., Weintraub R. Audio implementation of still and motion pictures. USOE Final Report, Project No. 5–0741. University of Southern California, Research Division, Dept. of Cinema, Los Angeles 1968
   Google Scholar
• Allen W. H., Filip R. F., Cooney S. M. Visual and audio presentation of machine–programmed instruction. University of Southern California, Research Division, Dept. of Cinema, Los Angeles 1967, USOE Final Report, Project No 5–0724–2–12–1
   Google Scholar
• Anderson C. M. A visual rhetoric for 1TV. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1972; 20: 43
   Google Scholar
• Arnheim R. What do the eyes contribute?. Audio Vis Commun. Rev 1962; 10: 10
   Google Scholar
• Arnold T. C., Dwyer F. M. An investigation of the relationship between stimulus explicitness and entering behaviour in facilitating student achievement. J. Psychol 1973; 84: 129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold T. C., Dwyer F. M. Realism in visualized instruction. Percept. Mot. Skills 1975; 40: 369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attneave R. Some informational aspects of visual perception. Psychol. Rev 1954; 61: 183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker E. L., Popham W. J. Value of pictorial embellishments in a tape slide instructional programme. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1965; 13: 397
   Google Scholar
• Berenson B. Seeing and Knowing. Evelyn, Adams and Mackay, London 1968
   Google Scholar
• Broadbent D. E. Perception and Communication. Pergamon, New York 1958
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter C. R. A theoretical orientation for instructional film research. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1953; 1: 38
   Google Scholar
• Chan A., Travers R. M. W., Van Mondfrans R. P. The effect of coloured embellishment of a visual array on a simultaneously presented audio array. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1965; 13: 159
   Google Scholar
• Dale E. Audio–Visual Methods in, Teaching. Dryden Press, New York 1946
   Google Scholar
• Dale E. Audio–Visual Methods in Teaching. Dryden Press, New York 1969
   Google Scholar
• Dallett K., Wilcox S. G. Remembering pictures versus remembering descriptions. Psychonom. Sci 1968; 11: 139
   Google Scholar
• Deregowski J. B., Muldrow E. S., Muldrow W. F. Pictorial recognition in a remote Ethiopian population. Perception 1972; 1: 417
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dwyer F. M. Adapting visual illustrations for effective learning. Harvard Educ. Rev 1967; 37: 250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer F. M. Exploratory studies in the effectiveness of visual illustrations. A udio Vis. Commun. Rev 1970; 18: 235
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer F. M. A Guide for Improving Visualized Instruction. Learning Services, University Park, Pennsylvania 1972
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer F. M. The effect of IQ level on the instructional effectiveness of black and white and colour illustrations. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1976; 24: 49
   Google Scholar
• Fleming M. L. The picture in your mind. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1977; 25: 43
   Google Scholar
• Fleming M. L., Sheikhian M. Influence of pictorial attributes on recognition memory. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1972; 20: 423
   Google Scholar
• Fonseca S., Kearl B. Comprehension of pictorial symbols: an experiment in rural Brazil. College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin. 1960, Bulletin 30
   Google Scholar
• Franzwa D. Influence of meaningfulness, picture detail and presentation mode on visual retention. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1973; 21: 209
   Google Scholar
• Gibson J. J. A theory of pictorial perception. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1954; 2: 3
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein E. B. The perception of multiple images. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1975; 23: 34
   Google Scholar
• Haber R. N. How we remember what we see. Sci. Am 1970; 222: 104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haygood D. H. Audiovisual concept formation. J. Educ. Psychol 1965; 56: 126
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hochberg J., Brooks V. Pictorial recognition as an unlearned ability; A study of one child's performance. Am. J. Psychol 1962; 75: 624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahoda G., Cheyne W. M., Deregowski J. B., Sinha D., Collingbourne R. Utilization of pictorial information in classroom learning: A –cross cultural study. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1976; 24: 295
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins J. R., Neale D. C., Deno S. L. Differential memory for picture and word stimuli. J. Educ. Psychol 1967; 58: 303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanner J. H., Rosenstein A. J. Television in army training: Colour versus black and white. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1960; 8: 243
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan S., Kaplan R., Sampson J. R. Encoding and arousal factors in free recall of verbal and visual material. Psychonom. Sci 1968; 12: 73
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy J. M., Silver J. The surrogate functions of lines in visual perception: Evidence from antipodal rock and cave artwork sources. Perception 1974; 3: 313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koran M. L. Varying instructional methods to fit trainee characteristics. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1972; 20: 135
   Google Scholar
• Lordahl D. S. Concept identification using simultaneous auditory and visual signals. J. Exp. Psychol 1961; 62: 283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lumsdaine A. R., Roshal S. M. Preface to a theory of pictorial perception, J. J. Gibson. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1954; 2: 3
   Google Scholar
• Maclntyre A. Light and Seeing (Ch. 2). Visual Education, C. E. Moorhouse. Sir Isaac Pitman, Melbourne 1974
   Google Scholar
• Mackworth N. H., Bruner J. S. How adults and children search and recognize pictures. Hum. Dev 1970; 13: 149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main R. E., Griffiths B. Evaluation of audio and pictorial instructional supplements. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1977; 25: 167
   Google Scholar
• Marantz S., Dowaliby F. Filmed versus lecture methods of instruction as related to image ability. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1973; 21: 267
   Google Scholar
• Meierhenry W. C. Needed research in the introduction and use of audiovisual materials: A special report. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1962; 10: 307
   Google Scholar
• Miller N. E. Graphic communication and the crisis in education. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1957; 5: 1
   Google Scholar
• Moore M. R. The perceptual–motor domain and a proposed taxonomy of perception. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1970; 18: 379
   Google Scholar
• Morris C. W. Signs, Language and Behaviour. Prentice–Hall, New York 1946
   Google Scholar
• Mowbray G. H. Simultaneous vision and audition. J. Exp. Psychol 1953; 46: 365
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nickerson R. S. Short–term memory for complex meaningful visual configurations: A demonstration of capacity. Can. J.Psychol 1965; 19: 155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paivio A. R., Rogers T. B., Smyth P. C. Why are pictures easier to recall than words?. Psychonom. Sci 1968; II: 137
   Google Scholar
• Rudnick M. F., Porter M. C., Suydam E. L. Pictorial stimulus variables. Viewpoints 1973; 49: 21
   Google Scholar
• Salomon G. Heuristic models for the generation of aptitude treatment interactions hypotheses. Rev. Educ. Res 1972; 42: 327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuels S. J. Effects of pictures on learning to read, comprehension and attitudes. Rev. of Educ. Res 1970; 40: 397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon T. J. Colour television: New language?. Journalism Q 1967; 44: 225
   Google Scholar
• Scanlon T. J. Viewer perceptions on colour, black and white TV: An experiment. Journalism Q 1970; 47: 366
   Google Scholar
• Schulz R. W., Kasschau R. A. Serial learning as a function of meaningfulness and mode of presentation with audio and visual stimuli of equivalent duration. J. Exp. Psychol 1966; 71: 350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shepard R. N. Recognition memory for words, sentences and pictures. J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav 1967; 6: 156
   Google Scholar
• Snowman J. The research on how adults learn from pictures. Viewpoints 1973; 49: 1
   Google Scholar
• Spitz W., Borland M. D. Redundancy in line drawings of familiar objects: Effects of age and intelligence. Cognitive Psychol 1971; 2: 196
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson H. W., Siegel A. Effects of instruction and age on retention of filmed content. J. Educ. Psychol 1969; 60: 71
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travers R. M. W. A study of the advantages and disadvantages of using simplified visual presentations in instructional materials. US Office of Education. 1969, Final Report, Grant No. OEG–l–71070144–5235
   Google Scholar
• Travers R. M. W., Alvarado V. The design of pictures for teaching children in Elementary School. Audio Vis. Commun. Rev 1970; 18: 47
   Google Scholar
• Wheelbarger J. J. An investigation of the role of pictorial complexity in visual perception. 1970, Unpublished
   Google Scholar