Advanced search
Publication Cover
Acta Orthopaedica Volume 81, 2010 - Issue 5
Journal homepage
2,098
Views
64
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Effects of metal-on-metal wear on the host immune system and infection in hip arthroplasty

Anton H Hosman Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
,
Henny C van der Mei Department of Biomedical Engineering
,
Sjoerd K Bulstra Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
,
Henk J Busscher Department of Biomedical Engineering
&
Daniëlle Neut Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 526-534 | Received 01 Feb 2010, Accepted 23 Apr 2010, Published online: 22 Sep 2010

  • Amstutz HC, Grigoris P. Metal on metal bearings in hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop (Suppl) 1996; (329):S11-S34.
  • Amstutz HC, Campbell P, McKellop H, Schmalzreid TP, Gillespie WJ, Howie D, Jacobs J, Medley J, Merritt K. Metal on metal total hip replacement workshop consensus document. Clin Orthop (Suppl) 1996; (329):S297-S303.
  • Anwar HA, Aldam CH, Visuvanathan S, Hart AJ. The effect of metal ions in solution on bacterial growth compared with wear particles from hip replacements. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2007; 89:1655-9.
  • Baker-Austin C, Wright MS, Stepanauskas R, McArthur JV. Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance. Trends Microbiol 2006; 14:176-82.
  • Basle MF, Bertrand G, Guyetant S, Chappard D, Lesourd M. Migration of metal and polyethylene particles from articular prostheses may generate lymphadenopathy with histiocytosis. J Biomed Mater Res 1996; 30:157-63.
  • Bhabra G, Sood A, Fisher B, Cartwright L, Saunders M, Evans WH, Surprenant A, Lopez-Castejon G, Mann S, Davis SA, Hails LA, Ingham E, Verkade P, Lane J, Heesom K, Newson R, Case CP. Nanoparticles can cause DNA damage across a cellular barrier. Nat Nanotechnol 2009; 4:876-83.
  • Bozic KJ, Ries MD. The impact of infection after total hip arthroplasty on hospital and surgeon resource utilization. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2005; 87:1746-51.
  • Bozic KJ, Kurtz S, Lau E, Ong K, Chiu V, Vail TP, Rubash HE, Berry DJ. The epidemiology of bearing surface usage in total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2009; 91:1614-20.
  • Brien WW, Salvati EA, Betts F, Bullough P, Wright T, Rimnac C, Buly R, Garvin K. Metal levels in cemented total hip arthroplasty. A comparison of well-fixed and loose implants. Clin Orthop 1992; (276):66-74.
  • Brown SR, Davies WA, DeHeer DH, Swanson AB. Long-term survival of McKee-Farrar total hip prostheses. Clin Orthop 2002; (5):157-63.
  • Brown C, Williams S, Tipper JL, Fisher J, Ingham E. Characterisation of wear particles produced by metal on metal and ceramic on metal hip prostheses under standard and microseparation simulation. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007;18) 819-27.
  • Bryant MJ, Mollan RA, Nixon JR. Survivorship analysis of the Ring hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty (6 Suppl) 1991: S5-10.
  • Buscher R, Tager G, Dudzinski W, Gleising B, Wimmer MA, Fischer A. Subsurface microstructure of metal-on-metal hip joints and its relationship to wear particle generation. J Biomed Mater Res Part B-Applied Biomaterials 2005; 72B:206-14.
  • Caccavo F, Jr., Lonergan DJ, Lovley DR, Davis M, Stolz JF, McInerney MJ. Geobacter sulfurreducens sp. nov., a hydrogen- and acetate-oxidizing dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganism. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:3752-9.
  • Caicedo M, Jacobs JJ, Reddy A, Hallab NJ. Analysis of metal ion-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and necrosis in human (Jurkat) T-cells demonstrates Ni2+ and V3+ are more toxic than other metals: Al3+, Be2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mo5+, Nb5+, Zr2+. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:905-13.
  • Caicedo MS, Desai R, McAllister K, Reddy A, Jacobs JJ, Hallab NJ. Soluble and particulate Co-Cr-Mo alloy implant metals activate the inflammasome danger signaling pathway in human macrophages: A novel mechanism for implant debris reactivity. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:847-54.
  • Callaghan JJ, Albright JC, Goetz DD, Olejniczak JP, Johnston RC. Charnley total hip arthroplasty with cement. Minimum twenty-five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2000; 82:487-97.
  • Callaghan JJ, Templeton JE, Liu SS, Pedersen DR, Goetz DD, Sullivan PM, Johnston RC. Results of Charnley total hip arthroplasty at a minimum of thirty years. A concise follow-up of a previous report. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2004; 86:690-5.
  • Campbell P, Doorn P, Dorey F, Amstutz HC. Wear and morphology of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles from total hip replacements. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H ] 1996; 210:167-74.
  • Carr AM, DeSteiger R. Osteolysis in patients with a metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. ANZ J Surg 2008; 78:144-7.
  • Catelas I, Bobyn JD, Medley JB, Krygier JJ, Zukor DJ, Petit A, Huk OL. Effects of digestion protocols on the isolation and characterization of metal-metal wear particles. I. Analysis of particle size and shape. J Biomed Mater Res 2001; 55:320-9.
  • Cervantes C, Campos-Garcia J, Devars S, Gutierrez-Corona F, Loza-Tavera H, Torres-Guzman JC, Moreno-Sanchez R. Interactions of chromium with microorganisms and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2001; 25:335-47.
  • Charnley J. The long-term results of low-friction arthroplasty of the hip performed as a primary intervention. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1972; 54:61-76.
  • Cobb AG, Schmalzreid TP. The clinical significance of metal ion release from cobalt-chromium metal-on-metal hip joint arthroplasty. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H ] 2006; 220:385-98.
  • Davies AP, Sood A, Lewis AC, Newson R, Learmonth ID, Case CP. Metal-specific differences in levels of DNA damage caused by synovial fluid recovered at revision arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2005a; 87:1439-44.
  • Davies AP, Willert HG, Campbell PA, Learmonth ID, Case CP. An unusual lymphocytic perivascular infiltration in tissues around contemporary metal-on-metal joint replacements. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2005b; 87:18-27.
  • Delaunay CP, Bonnomet F, Clavert P, Laffargue P, Migaud H. THA using metal-on-metal articulation in active patients younger than 50 years. Clin Orthop 2008; (466):340-6.
  • Dobbs HS, Minski MJ. Metal ion release after total hip replacement. Biomaterials 1980; 1:193-8.
  • Doorn PF, Campbell PA, Amstutz HC. Metal versus polyethylene wear particles in total hip replacements. A review. Clin Orthop (Suppl) 1996; (329):S206-S216.
  • Doorn PF, Campbell PA, Worrall J, Benya PD, McKellop HA, Amstutz HC. Metal wear particle characterization from metal on metal total hip replacements: transmission electron microscopy study of periprosthetic tissues and isolated particles. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 42:103-11.
  • Dorr LD, Bloebaum R, Emmanual J, Meldrum R. Histologic, biochemical, and ion analysis of tissue and fluids retrieved during total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 1990; (261):82-95.
  • Dumbleton JH, Manley MT. Metal-on-Metal total hip replacement: what does the literature say? J Arthroplasty 2005; 20:174-88.
  • Evans EM, Freeman MA, Miller AJ, Vernon-Roberts B. Metal sensitivity as a cause of bone necrosis and loosening of the prosthesis in total joint replacement. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1974; 56-:626-42.
  • Ferreira ME, de Lourdes PM, Garcia e Costa, Sousa JP, de Carvalho GS. Comparative study of metallic biomaterials toxicity: a histochemical and immunohistochemical demonstration in mouse spleen. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2003; 17:45-9.
  • Firkins PJ, Tipper JL, Saadatzadeh MR, Ingham E, Stone MH, Farrar R, Fisher J. Quantitative analysis of wear and wear debris from metal-on-metal hip prostheses tested in a physiological hip joint simulator. Biomed Mater Eng 2001; 11:143-57.
  • Fisher J, Jin Z, Tipper J, Stone M, Ingham E. Tribology of alternative bearings. Clin Orthop 2006; (453):25-34.
  • Garrett R, Wilksch J, Vernon-Roberts B. Effects of cobalt-chrome alloy wear particles on the morphology, viability and phagocytic activity of murine macrophages in vitro. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1983; 61(Pt 3):355-69.
  • Germain MA, Hatton A, Williams S, Matthews JB, Stone MH, Fisher J, Ingham E. Comparison of the cytotoxicity of clinically relevant cobalt-chromium and alumina ceramic wear particles in vitro. Biomaterials 2003; 24:469-79.
  • Goodman SB. Wear particles, periprosthetic osteolysis and the immune system. Biomaterials 2007a; 28:5044-8.
  • Goodman SB. Wear particles, periprosthetic osteolysis and the immune system. Biomaterials 2007b; 28:5044-8.
  • Granchi D, Cenni E, Ciapetti G, Savarino L, Stea S, Gamberini S, Gori A, Pizzoferrato A. Cell death induced by metal ions: necrosis or apoptosis? J Mater Sci Mater Med 1998; 9:31-7.
  • Graves S, Davidson D, de Steiger R, Tomkins A, Ryan P, Griffith L, McDermott B, Pratt N, Miller L, Stanford T. Australian Orthopaedic Association, National Joint Replacement Registry, Anual Report 2008, Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, September 1999 to December 2007.
  • Hallab NJ, Mikecz K, Jacobs JJ. A triple assay technique for the evaluation of metal-induced, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in patients with or receiving total joint arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 53:480-9.
  • Hallab NJ, Caicedo M, Epstein R, McAllister K, Jacobs JJ. In vitro reactivity to implant metals demonstrates a person-dependent association with both T-cell and B-cell activation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:667-82.
  • Hart AJ, Hester T, Sinclair K, Powell JJ, Goodship AE, Pele L, Fersht NL, Skinner J. The association between metal ions from hip resurfacing and reduced T-cell counts. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2006; 88:449-54.
  • Holzwarth U, Thomas P, Kachler W, Goske J, Schuh A. Metallurgical differentiation of cobalt-chromium alloys for implants. Orthopade 2005; 34:1046-51.
  • Hosman AH, van der Mei HC, Bulstra SK, Busscher HJ, Neut D. Metal-on-metal bearings in total hip arthroplasties: Influence of cobalt and chromium ions on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 88:711-6.
  • Howie DW. Tissue response in relation to type of wear particles around failed hip arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty 1990; 5:337-48.
  • Huber M, Reinisch G, Trettenhahn G, Zweymuller K, Lintner F. Presence of corrosion products and hypersensitivity-associated reactions in periprosthetic tissue after aseptic loosening of total hip replacements with metal bearing surfaces. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:172-80.
  • Huk OL, Catelas I, Mwale F, Antoniou J, Zukor DJ, Petit A. Induction of apoptosis and necrosis by metal ions in vitro. J Arthroplasty 2004; 19:84-7.
  • Jacobs JJ, Campbell PA, Konttinen T. How has the biologic reaction to wear particles changed with newer bearing surfaces? J Am Acad Orthop Surg (Suppl 1) 2008; 16:S49-S55.
  • Jakobsen SS, Danscher G, Stoltenberg M, Larsen A, Bruun JM, Mygind T, Kemp K, Soballe K. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy causes metal accumulation and metallothionein up-regulation in rat liver and kidney. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:441-6.
  • Jones DA, Lucas HK, O'Driscoll M, Price CH, Wibberley B. Cobalt toxicity after McKee hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1975; 57:289-96.
  • Kamaludeen SP, Megharaj M, Juhasz AL, Sethunathan N, Naidu R. Chromium-microorganism interactions in soils: remediation implications. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 178:93-164.
  • Keegan GM, Learmonth ID, Case CP. Orthopaedic metals and their potential toxicity in the arthroplasty patient: A review of current knowledge and future strategies. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2007; 89:567-73.
  • Komeda H, Kobayashi M, Shimizu S. A novel transporter involved in cobalt uptake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:36-41.
  • Korovessis P, Petsinis G, Repanti M, Repantis T. Metallosis after contemporary metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. Five to nine-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2006; 88:1183-91.
  • Kothamasi D, Kothamasi S. Cobalt interference in iron-uptake could inhibit growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotech 2004; 20:755-8.
  • Ladon D, Doherty A, Newson R, Turner J, Bhamra M, Case CP. Changes in metal levels and chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood of patients after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2004; 19:78-83.
  • Lazennec JY, Boyer P, Poupon J, Rousseau MA, Roy C, Ravaud P, Catonne Y. Outcome and serum ion determination up to 11 years after implantation of a cemented metal-on-metal hip prosthesis. Acta Orthop 2009; 80:168-73.
  • Leslie I, Williams S, Brown C, Isaac G, Jin Z, Ingham E, Fisher J. Effect of bearing size on the long-term wear, wear debris, and ion levels of large diameter metal-on-metal hip replacements-An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 87:163-72.
  • Leslie IJ, Williams S, Brown C, Anderson J, Isaac G, Hatto P, Ingham E, Fisher J. Surface engineering: A low wearing solution for metal-on-metal hip surface replacements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90B:558-65.
  • Levy SB. Active efflux, a common mechanism for biocide and antibiotic resistance. Symp Ser Soc Appl Microbiol 2002; (31):65S-71S.
  • Lloyd JR, Lovley DR. Microbial detoxification of metals and radionuclides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2001; 12:248-53.
  • Lundborg M, Falk R, Johansson A, Kreyling W, Camner P. Phagolysosomal pH and dissolution of cobalt oxide particles by alveolar macrophages. Environ Health Perspect 1992; 97:153-7.
  • Mabilleau G, Kwon YM, Pandit H, Murray DW, Sabokbar A. Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty: a review of periprosthetic biological reactions. Acta Orthop 2008; 79:734-47.
  • MacDonald SJ, Brodner W, Jacobs JJ. A consensus paper on metal ions in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty 2004; 19:12-6.
  • McKee GK, Watson-Farrar J. Replacement of arthritic hips by the McKee-Farrar prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1966; 48:245-59.
  • Milosev I, Remskar M. In vivo production of nanosized metal wear debris formed by tribochemical reaction as confirmed by high-resolution TEM and XPS analyses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 91:1100-10.
  • Minoda Y, Kobayashi A, Sakawa A, Aihara M, Tada K, Sugama R, Iwakiri K, Ohashi H, Takaoka K. Wear particle analysis of highly crosslinked polyethylene isolated from a failed total hip arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 86B:501-5.
  • Mnatsakanov ST. Effect of cobalt chloride on the antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus. Antibiotiki 1967; 12:161-2.
  • Muthukumar N, Rajasekar A, Ponmariappan S, Mohanan S, Maruthamuthu S, Muralidharan S, Subramanian P, Palaniswamy N, Raghavan M. Microbiologically influenced corrosion in petroleum product pipelines--a review. Indian J Exp Biol 2003; 41:1012-22.
  • Nies DH. The cobalt, zinc, and cadmium efflux system CzcABC from Alcaligenes eutrophus functions as a cation-proton antiporter in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:2707-12.
  • Nies DH. Efflux-mediated heavy metal resistance in prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2003; 27:313-39.
  • Nies DH, Nies A, Chu L, Silver S. Expression and nucleotide sequence of a plasmid-determined divalent cation efflux system from Alcaligenes eutrophus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:7351-5.
  • Nyren O, McLaughlin JK, Gridley G, Ekbom A, Johnell O, Fraumeni JF, Jr., Adami HO. Cancer risk after hip replacement with metal implants: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:28-33.
  • Ogunwale B, Schmidt-Ott A, Meek RM, Brewer JM. Investigating the immunologic effects of CoCr nanoparticles. Clin Orthop 2009; (467):3010-6.
  • Onda K, Nagoya S, Kaya M, Yamashita T. Cup-neck Impingement Due to the Malposition of the Implant as a Possible Mechanism for Metallosis in Metal-on-metal Total Hip Arthroplasty. Orthopedics 2008; 31:396.
  • Oparaugo PC, Clarke IC, Malchau H, Herberts P. Correlation of wear debris-induced osteolysis and revision with volumetric wear-rates of polyethylene: a survey of 8 reports in the literature. Acta Orthop Scand 2001; 72:22-8.
  • Papageorgiou I, Yin Z, Ladon D, Baird D, Lewis AC, Sood A, Newson R, Learmonth ID, Case CP. Genotoxic effects of particles of surgical cobalt chrome alloy on human cells of different age in vitro. Mutat Res 2007; 619:45-58.
  • Pollard TC, Baker RP, Eastaugh-Waring SJ, Bannister GC. Treatment of the young active patient with osteoarthritis of the hip. A five- to seven-year comparison of hybrid total hip arthroplasty and metal-on-metal resurfacing. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2006; 88:592-600.
  • Postel M, Langlais F. The wear and tear of stellite total hip prostheses: in vivo studies and clinical results. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1977; (63 Suppl 2):84-94.
  • Pourzal R, Theissmann R, Morlock M, Fischer A. Micro-structural alterations within different areas of articulating surfaces of a metal-on-metal hip resurfacing system. Wear 2009; 267:689-94.
  • Rae T. A study on the effects of particulate metals of orthopaedic interest on murine macrophages in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1975; 57:444-50.
  • Reinisch G, Judmann KP, Lhotka C, Lintner F, Zweymuller KA. Retrieval study of uncemented metal-metal hip prostheses revised for early loosening. Biomaterials 2003; 24:1081-91.
  • Ring PA. Complete replacement arthroplasty of the hip by the ring prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1968; 50:720-31.
  • Rothwell AG, Hobbs T, Frampton C. New Zealand Orthopaedic Association, The New Zealand Joint Registry, Nine Year Report, January 1999 to December 2007.
  • Ruiz N, Montero T, Hernandez-Borrell J, Vinas M. The role of Serratia marcescens porins in antibiotic resistance. Microb Drug Resist 2003; 9:257-64.
  • Savarino L, Stea S, Granchi D, Visentin M, Ciapetti G, Donati ME, Rollo G, Zinghi G, Pizzoferrato A, Montanaro L, Toni A. Sister chromatid exchanges and ion release in patients wearing fracture fixation devices. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 50:21-6.
  • Savarino L, Padovani G, Ferretti M, Greco M, Cenni E, Perrone G, Greco F, Baldini N, Giunti A. Serum ion levels after ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty: 8-year minimum follow-up. J Orthop Res 2008; 26:1569-76.
  • Scales JT, Wilson JN. Some aspects of the development of the Stanmore total hip joint prosthesis. Reconstr Surg Traumatol 1969; 11:20-39.
  • Scales JT, Winter GD, Shirley HT. Corrosion of orthopaedic implants. Smith-Petersen type hip nails. Br Med J 1961; 2:478-82.
  • Schmalzried TP, Peters PC, Maurer BT, Bragdon CR, Harris WH. Long-duration metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties with low wear of the articulating surfaces. J Arthroplasty 1996; 11:322-31.
  • Shanbhag A, Yang J, Lilien J, Black J. Decreased neutrophil respiratory burst on exposure to cobalt-chrome alloy and polystyrene in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res 1992; 26:185-95.
  • Shimmin A, Beaule PE, Campbell P. Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2008; 90:637-54.
  • Sieber HP, Rieker CB, Kottig P. Analysis of 118 second-generation metal-on-metal retrieved hip implants. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1999; 81:46-50.
  • Silva M, Heisel C, Schmalzried TP. Metal-on-metal total hip replacement. Clin Orthop 2005; (430):53-61.
  • Silver S, Misra TK. Plasmid-mediated heavy metal resistances. Annu Rev Microbiol 1988; 42:717-43.
  • Silver S, Phung LT. Bacterial heavy metal resistance: new surprises. Annu Rev Microbiol 1996; 50:753-89.
  • Sivash KM. The development of a total metal prosthesis for the hip joint from a partial joint replacement. Reconstr Surg Traumatol 1969; 11:53-62.
  • Smethurst E, Waterhouse RB. Causes of failure in total hip prostheses. J Mater Sci 1977; 12:1781-92.
  • Stilling M, Nielsen KA, Soballe K, Rahbek O. Clinical comparison of polyethylene wear with zirconia or cobalt-chromium femoral heads. Clin Orthop 2009; (467):2644-50.
  • Tipper JL, Firkins PJ, Ingham E, Fisher J, Stone MH, Farrar R. Quantitative analysis of the wear and wear debris from low and high carbon content cobalt chrome alloys used in metal on metal total hip replacements. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1999; 10:353-62.
  • Trampuz A, Widmer AF. Infections associated with orthopedic implants. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2006; 19:349-56.
  • Ug A, Ceylan O. Occurrence of resistance to antibiotics, metals, and plasmids in clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. Arch Med Res 2003; 34:130-6.
  • Urban RM, Jacobs JJ, Tomlinson MJ, Gavrilovic J, Black J, Peoc'h M. Dissemination of wear particles to the liver, spleen, and abdominal lymph nodes of patients with hip or knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2000; 82:457-76.
  • Urban RM, Tomlinson MJ, Hall DJ, Jacobs JJ. Accumulation in liver and spleen of metal particles generated at nonbearing surfaces in hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2004; 19:94-101.
  • Vendittoli PA, Ganapathi M, Lavigne M. Blood and urine metal ion levels in young and active patients after Birmingham hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2007; 89:989-90.
  • Vincent KR, Vincent HK, Lee LW, Weng J, Alfano AP. Outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation of primary and revision total hip arthroplasty. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 87:1026-32.
  • Virtanen S. Metal release mechanisms in hip replacement. Acta Orthop 2006; 77:695-6.
  • Visuri T, Pukkala E, Paavolainen P, Pulkkinen P, Riska EB. Cancer risk after metal on metal and polyethylene on metal total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop (Suppl) 1996; 329:S280-S289.
  • Wagner M, Wagner H. Medium-term results of a modern metal-on-metal system in total hip replacement. Clin Orthop 2000; (379):123-33.
  • Weightman BO, Zarek JM, Bingold AC. Corrosion of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum orthopaedic implant. A preliminary report. Med Biol Eng 1969; 7:679.
  • Willert HG, Buchhorn GH, Gobel D, Koster G, Schaffner S, Schenk R, Semlitsch M. Wear behavior and histopathology of classic cemented metal on metal hip endoprostheses. Clin Orthop (Suppl) 1996; (329):S160-S186.
  • Willert HG, Buchhorn GH, Fayyazi A, Flury R, Windler M, Koster G, Lohmann CH. Metal-on-metal bearings and hypersensitivity in patients with artificial hip joints. A clinical and histomorphological study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2005; 87:28-36.
  • Williams S, Hardaker C, Leslie IJ, Foughran F, Isaac G, Fisher J. Validation of ion level analysis as method to assess in vitro total hip replacement wear. Tribology 2008a; 2:104-8.
  • Williams S, Leslie I, Isaac G, Jin Z, Ingham E, Fisher J. Tribology and wear of metal-on-metal hip prostheses: influence of cup angle and head position. J Bone Joint Surg Am (Suppl 3) 2008b; 90:111-7.
  • Wright MS, Loeffler PG, Stepanauskas R, McArthur JV. Bacterial tolerances to metals and antibiotics in metal-contaminated and reference streams. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 58:293-302.
  • Wroblewski BM. Osteolysis due to particle wear debris following total hip arthroplasty: the role of high-density polyethylene. Instr Course Lect 1994; 43:289-94.
  • Wroblewski BM, Siney PD, Fleming PA. Charnley low-friction arthroplasty: survival patterns to 38 years. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2007; 89:1015-8.
  • Yan Y, Neville A, Dowson D. Understanding the role of corrosion in the degradation of metal-on-metal implants. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H ] 2006; 220:173-81.
  • Yan Y, Neville A, Dowson D, Williams S, Fisher J. Effect of metallic nanoparticles on the biotribocorrosion behaviour of Metal-on-Metal hip prostheses. Wear 2009; 267:683-68.
  • Zimmerli W, Waldvogel FA, Vaudaux P, Nydegger UE. Pathogenesis of foreign body infection: description and characteristics of an animal model. J Infect Dis 1982; 146:487-97.
  • Zimmerli W, Lew PD, Waldvogel FA. Pathogenesis of foreign body infection. Evidence for a local granulocyte defect. J Clin Invest 1984; 73:1191-200.
  • Zimmerli W, Trampuz A, Ochsner PE. Prosthetic-joint infections. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1645-54.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.