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Original Article

Less pain with epidural morphine after knee arthroplasty

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Pages 447-448 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Benedetti C. Intraspinal analgesia: an historical overview. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1987, Suppl 85: 17–24
  • Bonica J J. Importance of effective pain control. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1987, Suppl 85: 1–16
  • Huskisson E C. Measurement of pain. Lancet 1974; 2(7889)1127–31
  • Nielsen P T, Rechnagel K, Nielsen S E. No effect of continuous passive motion after arthroplasty of the knee. Acta Orthop Scand 1988; 59(5)580–1
  • Raj P P, Knarr D C, Vigdorth E, Denson D D, Pither C E, Hartrick C T, Hopson C N, Edstrom H H. Comparison of continuous epidural infusion of a local anesthetic and administration of systemic narcotics in the management of pain after total knee replacement surgery. Anesth Analg 1987; 66(5)401–6
  • Ranawat C S, Insali J, Shine J. Duo-condylar knee arthroplasty: hospital for special surgery design. Clin Orthop 1976, 120: 76–82

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