References
- Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD . Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002;288:1728–32.
- Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Viikari JS. Obesity in childhood and vascular changes in adulthood: insights into the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29: S101–4.
- Ho SY, Lam TH, Janus ED. Waist to stature ratio is more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors than other simple anthropometric indices. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13: 683–91.
- Hadaegh F, Zabetian A, Harati H . Waist/height ratio as a better predictor of type 2 diabetes compared to body mass index in Tehranian adult men—a 3.6-year prospective study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006;114:310–5.
- Hsieh SD, Muto T. Metabolic syndrome in Japanese men and women with special reference to the anthropometric criteria for the assessment of obesity: Proposal to use the waist-to-height ratio. Prev Med. 2006;42:135–9.
- Srinivasan SR, Wang R, Chen W . Utility of waist-to-height ratio in detecting central obesity and related adverse cardiovascular risk profile among normal weight younger adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:721–4.
- Lamacchia O, Pinnelli S, Camarchio D . Waist-to-height ratio is the best anthropometric index in association with adverse cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Am J Nephrol. 2009;29:615–9.
- Lee CM, Huxley RR, Wildman RP . Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:646–53.
- Ashwell M, Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56:303–7.
- Ashwell M. Obesity risk: importance of the waist-to-height ratio. Nurs Stand. 2009;23:49–54; quiz 5.
- Hara M, Saitou E, Iwata F . Waist-to-height ratio is the best predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese schoolchildren. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2002;9:127–32.
- Kelishadi R, Gheiratmand R, Ardalan G . Association of anthropometric indices with cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and adolescents: CASPIAN Study. Int J Cardiol. 2007;117:340–8.
- Garnett SP, Baur LA, Cowell CT. Waist-to-height ratio: a simple option for determining excess central adiposity in young people. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32:1028–30.
- Kahn HS, Imperatore G, Cheng YJ. A population-based comparison of BMI percentiles and waist-to-height ratio for identifying cardiovascular risk in youth. J Pediatr. 2005; 146:482–8.
- Yan WL, Wang XL, Yao H . Waist-to-height ratio and BMI predict different cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese chidlren. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2760–1.
- Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM . Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320:1240–3.
- Leung SS, Lau JT, Tse LY . Weight-for-age and weight-for-height references for Hong Kong children from birth to 18 years. J Paediatr Child Health. 1996;32:103–9.
- Lo WS, Ho SY, Mak KK . Adolescents’ experience of comments about their weight - prevalence, accuracy and effects on weight misperception. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:271.
- Norton K, Olds T. Anthropometrica. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press; 1996.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. National Center for Health Statistics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Anthropometry Procedures Manual. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2000.
- Cole TJ, Green PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: the LMS method and penalized likelihood. Stat Med. 1992;11: 1305–19.
- Flegal KM. Curve smoothing and transformations in the development of growth curves. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70: 163–5S.
- Fenton TR, Sauve RS. Using the LMS method to calculate z-scores for the Fenton preterm infant growth chart. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61:1380–5.
- Cole TJ. Using the LMS method to measure skewness in the NCHS and Dutch National height standards. Ann Hum Biol. 1989;16:407–19.
- Sung RY, So HK, Choi KC . Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio of Hong Kong Chinese children. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:324.
- Wang J, Thornton JC, Bari S . Comparisons of waist circumferences measured at 4 sites. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:379–84.
- Hitze B, Bosy-Westphal A, Bielfeldt F . Measurement of Waist Circumference at Four Different Sites in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Concordance and Correlation with Nutritional Status as well as Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. besity Facts. 2008;1:243–9.
- McCarthy HD, Ashwell M. A study of central fatness using waist-to-height ratios in UK children and adolescents over two decades supports the simple message--‘keep your waist circumference to less than half your height’. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:988–92.
- Wang J. Waist circumference: a simple, inexpensive, and reliable tool that should be included as part of physical examinations in the doctor's office. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:902–3.