164
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors after exercise training in obese children

, , , , &
Pages e603-610 | Received 19 Mar 2010, Published online: 10 Dec 2010

References

  • Csabi G, Torok K, Jeges S . Presence of metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese children. Eur J Pediatr. 2000; 159(1–2):91–4.
  • Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894(i–xii):1–253.
  • Sorof J, Daniels S. Obesity hypertension in children: a problem of epidemic proportions. Hypertension. 2002;40(4):441–7.
  • Epstein LH, Myers MD, Raynor HA . Treatment of pediatric obesity. Pediatrics. 1998;101(3 Pt 2):554–70.
  • Flynn MA, McNeil DA, Maloff B . Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: a synthesis of evidence with ‘best practice’ recommendations. Obes Rev. 2006;7 Suppl 1:7–66.
  • Gutin B, Owens S. Role of exercise intervention in improving body fat distribution and risk profile in children. Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11(2):237–47.
  • Watts K, Beye P, Siafarikas A . Exercise training normalizes vascular dysfunction and improves central adiposity in obese adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(10):1823–7.
  • Meyer AA, Kundt G, Lenschow U . Improvement of early vascular changes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children after a six-month exercise program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(9):1865–70.
  • Rocchini AP, Katch V, Anderson J . Blood pressure in obese adolescents: effect of weight loss. Pediatrics. 1988;82(1):16–23.
  • National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555–76.
  • Farpour-Lambert NJ, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM . Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(25):2396–406.
  • Aggoun Y, Farpour-Lambert NJ, Marchand LM . Impaired endothelial and smooth muscle functions and arterial stiffness appear before puberty in obese children and are associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(6):792–9.
  • Maggio AB, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM . Associations among obesity, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass. J Pediatr. 2008;152(4):489–93.
  • Group. WMGRS. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Organization GWH. 2006. 312.
  • Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D . Perzentile für den Body-mass-Index für das Kindesund Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilk. 2001;149(8):807–18.
  • Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child. 1969;44(235):291–303.
  • Reinehr T, Andler W. Changes in the atherogenic risk factor profile according to degree of weight loss. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(5):419–22.
  • Aaron DJ, Kriska AM, Dearwater SR . Reproducibility and validity of an epidemiologic questionnaire to assess past year physical activity in adolescents. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142(2):191–201.
  • Wuhl E, Witte K, Soergel M . Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimensions. J Hypertens. 2002;20(10): 1995–2007.
  • Tounian P, Aggoun Y, Dubern B . Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: a prospective study. Lancet. 2001;358(9291):1400–4.
  • Sallis JF. Epidemiology of physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1993;33(4-5):403–8.
  • Butte NF, Puyau MR, Adolph AL . Physical activity in nonoverweight and overweight Hispanic children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1257–66.
  • McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Creighton D . Influence of physical activity on change in weight status as children become adolescents. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008;3(2):69–77.
  • MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J . Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335(8692):765–74.
  • McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI . A school-based intervention can reduce body fat and blood pressure in young adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31(2):125–32.
  • Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Tran ZV. The effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev Cardiol. 2003;6(1):8–16.
  • Gidding SS, Barton BA, Dorgan JA . Higher self-reported physical activity is associated with lower systolic blood pressure: the Dietary Intervention Study in Childhood (DISC). Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2388–93.
  • Leary SD, Ness AR, Smith GD . Physical activity and blood pressure in childhood: findings from a population-based study. Hypertension. 2008;51(1):92–8.
  • Torrance B, McGuire KA, Lewanczuk R . Overweight, physical activity and high blood pressure in children: a review of the literature. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2007;3(1):139–49.
  • Gilardini L, Parati G, Sartorio A . Sympathoadrenergic and metabolic factors are involved in ambulatory blood pressure rise in childhood obesity. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22(2):75–82.
  • Winnicki M, Bonso E, Dorigatti F . Effect of body weight loss on blood pressure after 6 years of follow-up in stage 1 hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19(11):1103–9.
  • Aucott L, Poobalan A, Smith WC . Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term hypertension outcomes: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2005;45(6):1035–41.
  • McGavock JM, Torrance B, McGuire KA . The relationship between weight gain and blood pressure in children and adolescents. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20(10):1038–44.
  • Paradis G, Lambert M, O'Loughlin J . Blood pressure and adiposity in children and adolescents. Circulation. 2004;110(13):1832–8.
  • Raitakari OT, Porkka KV, Ronnemaa T . The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Diabetologia. 1995;38(9):1042–50.
  • Marcovecchio ML, Patricelli L, Zito M . Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in obese children: role of insulin resistance. J Hypertens. 2006;24(12):2431–6.
  • Davy KP, Hall JE. Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004; 286(5):R803–13.
  • Reinehr T, de Sousa G, Toschke AM . Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children after an obesity intervention. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(3):490–6.
  • Knip M, Nuutinen O. Long-term effects of weight reduction on serum lipids and plasma insulin in obese children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;57(4):490–3.
  • Litwin M, Niemirska A. Intima-media thickness measurements in children with cardiovascular risk factors. Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany). 2009;24(4):707–19.
  • Abbott RA, Harkness MA, Davies PS. Correlation of habitual physical activity levels with flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in 5-10 year old children. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):233–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.