References
- Turner MR, Parton MJ, Leigh PN. Clinical trials in ALS: an overview. Semin Neurol 2001; 21: 167–75
- Lewis ME, Vaught JL, Neff NT, Grebow PE, Callison KV, Yu E, et al. The potential of insulin-like growth factor-1 as a therapeutic for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 692: 201–8
- Wass, JA. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins in the follow-up of acromegaly. J Endocrinol 1997; 155(1)S17–9, discussion S21
- Rajasoorya C, Holdaway IM, Wrightson P, Scott DJ, Ibbertson HK. Determinants of clinical outcome and survival in acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994; 41: 95–102
- Turner MR, Bakker M, Sham P, Shaw CE, Leigh PN, Al-Chalabi A. Prognostic modelling of therapeutic interventions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2002; 3: 15–21
- Vincent AM, Mobley BC, Hiller A, Feldman EL. IGF-1 prevents glutamate-induced motor neuron programmed cell death. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 16: 407–16
- Kaspar BK, Llado J, Sherkat N, Rothstein JD, Gage FH. Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Science. 2003; 301: 839–42
- Dobrowolny G, Giacinti C, Pelosi L, Nicoletti C, Winn N, Barberi L, et al. Muscle expression of a local Igf-1 isoform protects motor neurons in an ALS mouse model. J Cell Biol. 2005; 168: 193–9
- Ozdinler PH, Macklis JD. IGF-1 specifically enhances axon outgrowth of corticospinal motor neurons. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9: 1371–81
- Nagano I, Ilieva H, Shiote M, Murakami T, Yokoyama M, Shoji M, et al. Therapeutic benefit of intrathecal injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2005; 235: 61–8
- Lai EC, Felice KJ, Festoff BW, Gawel MJ, Gelinas DF, Kratz R, et al. Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 on progression of ALS. A placebo-controlled study. The North America ALS/IGF-I Study Group. Neurology 1997; 49: 1621–30
- Borasio GD, Robberecht W, Leigh PN, Emile J, Guiloff RJ, Jerusalem F, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of insulin-like growth factor-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European ALS/IGF-I Study Group. Neurology 1998; 51: 583–6
- Sorenson EJ, Windbank AJ, Mandrekar JN, Bamlet WR, Appel SH, Armon C, et al. Subcutaneous IGF-1 is not beneficial in two-year ALS trial. Neurology 2008; 71: 1770–5
- Nagano I, Shiote M, Murakami T, Kamada H, Hamakawa Y, Matsubara E, et al. Beneficial effects of intrathecal IGF-1 administration in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Res 2005; 27: 768–72
- Mitchell, JD, Wokke, JH, Borasio, GD. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor- 1 (rhIGF-I) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, 4, CD002064
- Hosback S, Hardiman O, Nolan CM, Doyle MA, Gorman G, Lynch C, et al. Circulating insulin-like growth factors and related binding proteins are selectively altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2007; 17: 472–9
- Bilic E, Bilic E, Rudan I, Kusec V, Zurak N, Delimar D, et al. Comparison of the growth hormone, IGF-1 and insulin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum between patients with motor neuron disease and healthy controls. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 1340–5
- Pirttila T, Vanhatalo S, Turpeinen U, Riikonen R. Cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin growth factor binding protein-2 or nitric oxide are not increased in MS or ALS. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 109: 337–41
- Traynor BJ, Zhang H, Shefner JM, Schoenfeld D, Cudkowicz ME. Functional outcome measures as clinical trial endpoints in ALS. Neurology 2004; 63: 1933–5
- Gowers WR. Diseases Of The Nervous System. P. Blakiston, Son & Co, Philadelphia 1893; 483