Prospective, blind study of the triple stimulation technique in the diagnosis of ALS

References

• Mitchell JD, Borasio GD. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet. 2007; 369: 2031–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks BR. El Escorial World Federation of Neurology criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1994; 124 (Suppl): 96–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000; 1: 293–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traynor BJ, Codd MB, Corr B, Forde C, Frost E, Hardiman OM. Clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to the El Escorial and Airlie House diagnostic criteria: a population based study. Arch Neurol. 2000; 57: 1171–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belsh JM, Schiffman PL. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient perspective on misdiagnosis and its repercussions. J Neurol Sci 1996; 139((Suppl))110–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport RJ, Swingler RJ, Chancellor AM, Warlow CP. Avoiding false-positive diagnoses of motor neuron disease: lessons from the Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996; 60: 147–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoccolella S, Beghi E, Palagano G, Fraddosio A, Samarelli V, Lamberti P, et al. Predictors of delay in the diagnosis and clinical trial entry of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a population based study. J Neurol Sci. 2006; 250: 45–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borasio GD, Sloan R, Pongratz DE. Breaking the news in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1998; 160((Suppl))127–33
   Google Scholar
• Borasio GD, Pongratz DE. Gedanken zur Aufklärung bei amyotropher Lateralskleose. Nervenarzt. 1997; 68: 1004–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V, Bouche P, Delwaide C, Couratier P, et al. A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 585–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh PN, Swash M, Iwasaki Y, Ludolph A, Meininger V, Miller RG, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a consensus viewpoint on designing and implementing a clinical trial. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2004; 5: 84–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Carvalho M, Dengler R, Eisen A, England JD, Kaji R, Kimura J, Electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of ALS., et al. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008; 119: 497–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Carvalho M, Swash M. Awaji diagnostic algorithm increases sensitivity of El Escorial criteria for ALS diagnosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. 2009; 10: 53–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008; 119: 504–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magistris MR, Rösler KM, Truffert A, Myers JP. Transcranial stimulation excites virtually all motor neurons supplying the target muscle. A demonstration and a method improving the study of motor evoked potentials. Brain. 1998; 121: 437–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rösler KM, Truffert A, Hess CW, Magistris MR. Quantification of upper motor neuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000; 111: 2208–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magistris MR, Rösler KM, Truffert A, Landis T, Hess CW. A clinical study of motor evoked potentials using a triple stimulation technique. Brain. 1999; 122: 265–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attarian S, Verschueren A, Pouget J. Magnetic stimulation including the triple stimulation technique in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve. 2007; 36: 55–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rösler KM, Magistris MR. Triple stimulation technique (TST) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004; 115: 1715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komissarow L, Rollnik JD, Bogdanova D, Krampfl K, Khabirov FA, Kossev A, et al. Triple stimulation technique (TST) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004; 115: 356–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 1728–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lemos ML. Storm over screening for prostate specific antigen. Number needed to test needs to be known. Br Med J. 2002; 324: 1392
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig LM, et al. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Br Med J. 2003; 326: 41–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth G, Magistris MR. Detection of conduction block by monopolar percutaneous stimulation of the brachial plexus. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1987; 27: 45–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Humm AM, Z'Graggen WJ, von Hornstein NE, Magistris MR, Rösler KM. Assessment of central motor conduction to intrinsic hand muscles using the triple stimulation technique: normal values and repeatability. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004; 115: 2558–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berg-Vos RM, Visser J, Franssen H, de Visser M, de Jong JM, Kalmijn S, et al. Sporadic lower motor neuron disease with adult onset: classification of subtypes. Brain. 2003; 126: 1036–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser J, van den Berg-Vos RM, Franssen H, van den Berg LH, Wokke JH, de Jong JM, et al. Disease course and prognostic factors of progressive muscular atrophy. Arch Neurol. 2007; 64: 522–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards A, Elwyn G, Mulley A. Explaining risks: turning numerical data into meaningful pictures. Br Med J. 2002; 324: 827–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly LE. Confidence limits made easy: interval estimation using a substitution method. Am J Epidemiol. 1998; 147: 783–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman DG. Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat. Br Med J. 1998; 317: 1309–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padua L, Pasqualetti P, Rosenbaum R. One patient, two carpal tunnels: statistical and clinical analysis – by hand or by patient?. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005; 116: 241–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransohoff DF, Feinstein AR. Problems of spectrum and bias in evaluating the efficacy of diagnostic tests. N Engl J Med. 1978; 299: 926–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eusebio A, Azulay JP, Witjas T, Rico A, Attarian S. Assessment of corticospinal tract impairment in multiple system atrophy using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007; 118: 815–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhler R, Magistris MR, Truffert A, Hess CW, Rosler KM. The triple stimulation technique to study central motor conduction to the lower limbs. Clin Neurophysiol. 2001; 112: 938–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truffert A, Rösler KM, Magistris MR. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation with recordings from the trapezius and limb muscles. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000; 111: 1031–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonoo M, Kuwabara S, Shimizu T, Komori T, Hirashima F, Inaba A, et al. Utility of trapezius EMG for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve. 2009; 39: 63–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deroide N, Uzenot D, Verschueren A, Azulay JP, Pouget J, Attarian S. Triple stimulation technique in multifocal neuropathy with conduction block. Muscle Nerve. 2007; 35: 632–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vucic S, Black K, Siao Tick CP, Cros D. Cervical nerve root stimulation. Part II: findings in primary demyelinating neuropathies and motor neuron disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006; 117: 398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arunachalam R, Osei-Lah A, Mills KR. Transcutaneous cervical root stimulation in the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003; 74: 1329–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schelhaas HJ, Kleine BU, Zwarts MJ. Electrodiagnostic criteria for ALS: time to STARD. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008; 119: 1689–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar