References
- Cluskey S, Ramsden DB. Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Pathol. 2001;54:386–92.
- Niebroj-Dobosz I, Jamrozik Z, Janik P, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Kwieciňski H. Anti-neural antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999;100:238–43.
- van Damme P, Dewil M, Robberecht W, van den Bosch L. Excitotoxicity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurodegener Dis. 2005;2:147–59.
- Berger MM, Jia XY, Legay V, Aymard M, Tilles JG, Lina B. Nutrition- and virus-induced stress represses the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in vitro. Exp Biol Med. 2004;229:843–9.
- Legay V, Deleage C, Beaulieux F, Giraudon P, Aymard M, Lina B. Impaired glutamate uptake and EEAT2 down-regulation in an enterovirus chronically infected human glial cell line. Eur J Neurosci. 2003;17:1820–8.
- Sutedja NA, Veldink JH, Fischer K, Kromhout H, Heederik D, Huisman MH, . Exposure to chemicals and metals and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2008;8:1–20.
- Mulder DW, Rosenbaum RA, Layton DD Jr. Late progression of poliomyelitis or forme fruste amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Mayo Clin Proc. 1972;47:756–61.
- Roivainen M. Enteroviruses: new findings on the role of enteroviruses in type 1 diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38:721–5.
- Andréoletti L, Ventéo L, Douche-Aourik F, Canas F, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Jacques J, . Active Coxsackieviral B infection is associated with disruption of dystrophin in endomyocardial tissue of patients who died suddenly of acute myocar-dial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2207–14.
- Chang LY, Huang LM, Gau SS, Wu YY, Hsia SH, Fan TY, . Neurodevelopment and cognition in children after enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1226–34.
- Destombes J, Couderc T, Thiesson D, Girard S, Wilt SG, Blondel B. Persistent poliovirus infection in mouse motor neurons. J Virol. 1997;71:1621–8.
- Beaulieux F, Zreik Y, Deleage C, Sauvinet V, Legay V, Giraudon P, . Cumulative mutations in the genome of echo-virus 6 during establishment of a chronic infection in precursors of glial cells. Virus Genes. 2005;30:103–12.
- Liu R, Li B, Flanagan SW, Oberley LW, Gozal D, Qiu M. Increased mitochondrial antioxidative activity or decreased oxygen free radical propagation prevents mutant SOD1-mediated motor neuron cell death and increases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like transgenic mouse survival. J Neurochem. 2002;80:488–500.
- Muir P, Nicholson F, Spencer GT, Ajetonmobi JF, Starkey WG, Khan M, . Enterovirus infection of the central nervous system of humans: lack of association with chronic neurological disease. J Gen Virol. 1996;77:1469–76.
- Berger MM, Kopp N, Vital C, Redl B, Aymard M, Lina B. Detection and cellular localization of enterovirus RNA sequences in spinal cord of patients with ALS. Neurology. 2000;54:20–5.
- Walker M, Schlaberg R, Hays AP, Bowser R, Lipkin WI. Absence of echovirus sequences in brain and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol. 2001;49:249–53.
- Nix WA, Berger MM, Oberste MS, Brooks BR, Mckenna-Yasek DM, Brown RH, . Failure to detect enterovirus in the spinal cord of ALS patients using a sensitive RT-PCR method. Neurology. 2004;62:1372–7.
- Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL; World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases. El Escorial Revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;1:293–9.
- Lina B, Pozzetto B, Andreoletti L, Beguier E, Bourlet T, Dussaix E, . Multicentre evaluation of a commercially available PCR assay in a panel of cerebrospinal fluid specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:3002–6.
- Antona D, Lévêque N, Chomel JJ, Dubrou S, Lévy-Bruhl D, Lina B. Surveillance of enteroviruses in France 2000– 2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;26:403–12.
- Chapman NM, Kim KS. Persistent Coxsackievirus infection: enterovirus persistence in chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;323:275–92.
- Pallansch MA, Roos RP. Enteroviruses: polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. In: DM Knipe, PM Howley, DE Griffin, RA Lamb, MA Martin, B Roizman, SE Straus. Fields virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2001. 723–75.
- Daley JK, Gechman LA, Skipworth J, Rall GF. Poliovirus replication and spread in primary neuron cultures. Virology. 2005;340:10–20.
- Schymick JC, Talbot K, Traynor BJ. Genetics of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2007;16:233–42.
- Liscic RM, Grinberg LT, Zidar J, Gitcho MA, Cairns NJ. ALS and FTLD: two faces of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15:772–80.
- Valdmanis PN, Rouleau GA. Genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology. 2008;70:144–52.