Exploring the neural mechanisms that underlie motor difficulties in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

References

• Faraone SV, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, Biederman J. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American condition?. World Psychiatry 2003; 2: 104–113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barkley RA, Fischer M, Smallish L, Fletcher K. The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2002; 111: 279–289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen P, Gillberg C. Natural outcome of ADHD with developmental coordination disorder at age 22 years: A controlled, longitudinal, community-based study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2000; 39: 1424–1431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000
   Google Scholar
• Barkley RA. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Press, New York 1998
   Google Scholar
• Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE, Smoller JW, Goralnick JJ, Holmgren MA, Sklar P. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1313–1323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran S. Biological foundations. People with hyperactivity: Understanding and managing their problems, E Taylor. Mac Keith Press, LondonUK 2007; 27–52
   Google Scholar
• Beyer R. Motor proficiency of boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and boys with learning disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 1999; 16: 403–414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle S, Wallen M, Whitmont S. Motor skills in Australian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Occupational Therapy International 1995; 2: 229–240
   Google Scholar
• Harvey JH, Reid G. Motor performance of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary investigation. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 1997; 14: 189–202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piek JP, Pitcher TM, Hay DA. Motor coordination and kinaesthesis in boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1999; 41: 159–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng MH, Henderson A, Chow SM, Yao G. Relationship between motor proficiency, attention, impulse, and activity in children with ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2004; 46: 381–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmont S, Clark C. Kinaesthetic acuity and fine motor skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary report. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1996; 38: 1091–1098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Pazi H, Gross-Tsur V, Bergman H, Shalev RS. Abnormal rhythmic motor response in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2003; 45: 743–745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carte ET, Nigg JT, Hinshaw SP. Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1996; 24: 481–498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denckla MB, Rudel RG, Chapman C, Krieger J. Motor profiency in dyslexic children with and without ADHD. Archives of Neurology 1985; 42: 228–231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalff AC, de Sonneville LM, Hurks PP, Hendriksen JG, Kroes M, Feron FJ, Steyaert J, van Zeben TM, Vles JS, Jolles J. Low- and high-level controlled processing in executive motor control tasks in 5-6-year-old children at risk of ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 2003; 44: 1049–1057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimkeit EI, Sheppard DM, Lee P, Bradshaw JL. Bimanual coordination deficits in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 2004; 26: 999–1010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steger J, Imhof K, Coutts E, Gundelfinger R, Steinhausen HC, Brandeis D. Attentional and neuromotor deficits in ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2001; 43: 172–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blondis TA. Motor disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1999; 46: 899–913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Attention deficits and clumsiness in Swedish 7-year-old children. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1998; 40: 796–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko F, Okamura H. Study on the social maturity, self-perception, and associated factors, including motor coordination of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 2006; 25: 45–58
   Google Scholar
• Pitcher TM, Piek JP, Hay DA. Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2003; 45: 525–535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watemberg N, Waiserberg N, Zuk L, Lerman-Sagie T. Developmental coordination disorder in children with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder and physical therapy intervention. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2007; 49: 920–995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser J. Developmental coordination disorder: A review of research on subtypes and comorbidities. Human Movement Science 2003; 22: 479–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piek JP, Dyck MJ, Nieman A, Anderson M, Hay D, Smith LM, McCoy M, Hallmayer J. The relationship between motor coordination, executive functioning and attention in school aged children. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2004; 19: 1063–1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwicker JG, Missiuna C, Boyd L. Neural correlated of developmental coordination disorder: A review of hypotheses. Journal of Child Neurology 2009; 24: 1273–1281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliers E, Rommelse N, Vermeulen SH, Altink M, Buschgens CJ, Faraone SV, Sergeant JA, Franke B, Buitelaar JK. Motor coordination problems in children and adolescents with ADHD rated by parents and teachers: Effects of age and gender. Journal of Neural Transmission [Multicenter Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural] 2008; 115: 211–220
   Google Scholar
• Tervo RC, Azuma S, Fogas B, Fiechtner H. Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2002; 44: 383–390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brossard Racine M, Majnemer A, Shevell M, Snider L. Handwriting performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Review). Journal of Child Neurology 2008; 23: 399–406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyahara M, Piek J, Barrett N. Accuracy of drawing in a dual-task and resistance-to-distraction study: Motor or attention deficit?. Human Movement Science 2006; 25: 100–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasson AC, Rosblad B, Forssberg H. Disturbances in programming goal-directed arm movements in children with ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2004; 46: 19–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis M, Vance A, Maruff P, Wilson P, Cairney S. Differences in motor imagery between children with developmental coordination disorder with and without the combined type of ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2008; 50: 608–612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jucaite A, Fernell E, Forssberg H, Hadders-Algra M. Deficient coordination of associated postural adjustments during a lifting task in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2003; 45: 731–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira HS, Eliasson AC, Forssberg H. Detrimental neural control of precision grip lifts in children with ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2000; 42: 545–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitcher TM, Piek JP, Barrett NC. Timing and force control in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Aubtype differences and the effect of comorbid developmental coordination disorder. Human Movement Science 2002; 21: 919–945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoemaker MM, Ketelaars CE, van Zonneveld M, Minderaa RB, Mulder T. Deficits in motor control processes involved in production of graphic movements of children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2005; 47: 390–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valera EM, Faraone SV, Murray KE, Seidman LJ. Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61: 1361–1369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellanos FX. Neural substrates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Advance in Neurology 2001;85:197–206.
   Google Scholar
• Buderath P, Gartner K, Frings M, Christiansen H, Schoch B, Konczak J, Gizewski ER, Hebebrand J, Timmann D. Postural and gait performance in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Gait & Posture 2009; 29: 249–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvey MA, Barker CA, Bartko JJ, Denckla MB, Wassermann EM, Castellanos FX, Dell ML, Ziemann U. The ipsilateral silent period in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neurophysiology 2005; 116: 1889–1896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostofsky SH, Rimrodt SL, Schafer JGB, Boyce A, Goldberg MC, Pekar JJ, Denckla MB. Atypical motor and sensory cortex activation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of simple sequential finger tapping. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59: 48–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubia K, Overmeyer S, Taylor E, Brammer M, Williams SC, Simmons A, Bullmore ET. Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: A study with functional MRI. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156: 891–896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickstein SG, Bannon K, Castellanos FX, Milham MP. The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ALE meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2006; 47: 1051–1062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paloyelis Y, Mehta MA, Kuntsi J, Asherson P. Functional MRI in ADHD: A systematic literature review. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics [Review] 2007; 7: 1337–1356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wodka EL, Mahone EM, Blankner JG, Gidley Larson JC, Fotedar S, Denckla MB, Mostofsky SH. Evidence that response inhibition is a primary deficit in ADHD. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 2007; 29: 345–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suskauer SJ, Simmonds DJ, Fotedar S, Blankner JG, Pekar JJ, Denckla MB, Mostofsky SH. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for abnormalities in response selection in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Differences in activation associated with response inhibition but not habitual motor response. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2008; 20: 478–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AB, Taylor E, Brammer M, Toone B, Rubia K. Task-specific hypoactivation in prefrontal and temporoparietal brain regions during motor inhibition and task switching in medication-naive children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1044–1051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubia K, Smith AB, Brammer MJ, Toone B, Taylor E. Abnormal brain activation during inhibition and error detection in medication-naive adolescents with ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Government] 2005; 162: 1067–1075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubia K, Taylor E, Sergeant J. Synchronization, anticipation and consistency in motor timing of children with dimensionally defined attention deficit hyperactive behavior. Perceptual & Motor Skills 1999; 89: 1237–1258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamm L, Menon V, Ringel J, Reiss AL. Event-related fMRI evidence of frontotemporal involvement in aberrant response inhibition and task switching in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2004; 43: 1430–1440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pliszka SR, Glahn DC, Semrud-Clikeman M, Franklin C, Perez R, 3rd, Xiong J, Liotti M. Neuroimaging of inhibitory control areas in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were treatment naive or in long-term treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. [Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural]. 2006; 163: 1052–1060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubia K, Russell T, Overmeyer S, Brammer MJ, Bullmore ET, Sharma T, Simmons A, Williams SCR, Giampietro V, Andrew CM, et al. Mapping motor inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different versions of go/no-go and stop tasks. NeuroImage 2001; 13: 250–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostofsky SH, Newschaffer CJ, Denckla MB. Overflow movements predict impaired response inhibition in children with ADHD. Perceptual & Motor Skills 2003; 91: 1315–1331
   Google Scholar
• Kieling C, Goncalves RR, Tannock R, Castellanos FX. Neurobiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child & Adolescent Psychiatrics Clinics of North America 2008; 17: 285–307, viii
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Marsh WL, Hamburger SD, Vaituzis AC, Dickstein DP, Sarfatti SE, Vauss YC, Snell JW, Lange N, et al. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996; 53: 607–616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krain AL, Castellanos FX. Brain development and ADHD. Clinical Psychology Review 2006; 26: 433–444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince J. Catecholamine dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An update. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2008; 28(Suppl 2)39–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santosh PJ. Pharmacotherapy in ADHD. People with hyperactivity: Understanding and managing their problems, E Taylor. Mac Keith Press, LondonUK 2007; 118–133
   Google Scholar
• Flapper BC, Schoemaker MM. Effects of methylphenidate on quality of life in children with both developmental coordination disorder and ADHD. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology [Controlled Clinical Trial] 2008; 50: 294–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of neural science. Principle of neural science, 4th, ER Kandel, JH Schwartz, TM Jessell. McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, New York 2000
   Google Scholar
• Rubia K, Halari R, Smith AB, Mohammad M, Scott S, Brammer MJ. Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 2009; 50: 669–678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giedd JN, Castellanos FX, Casey BJ, Kozuch P, King C, Hamburger SD, Rapoport JL. Quantative morphology of the corpus callosum in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 151: 665–669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hynd GW, Semrud-Clikeman M, Lorys AR, Novey ES, Eliopulos D, Lyytinen H. Corpus callosum morphology in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Morphometric analysis of MRI. Journal of Learning Disabilities 1991; 24: 141–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semrud-Clikeman M, Filipek P, Biederman J, Steingard RJ, Kennedy D, Renshaw P, Bekken K. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis of the corpus callosum. Journal of American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1994; 33: 875–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivry RB. Cerebellar involvement in clumsiness and other developmental disorders. Neural Plasticity [Review] 2003; 10: 141–153
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubia K, Noorloos J, Smith A, Gunning B, Sergeant J. Motor timing deficits in community and clinical boys with hyperactive behavior: The effect of methylphenidate on motor timing. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2003; 31: 301–313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar