Effect of sperm storage and selection techniques on sperm parameters

References

• AbdelHafez, F., Bedaiwy, M., El-Nashar, S.A., Sabanegh, E., and Desai, N. (2009) Techniques for cryopreservation of individual or small numbers of human spermatozoa: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 15:153–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth, C., Nixon, B., and Aitken, R.J. (2005) Development of a novel electrophoretic system for the isolation of human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 20:2261–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth, C., Nixon, B., Jansen, R.P., and Aitken, R.J. (2007) First recorded pregnancy and normal birth after ICSI using electrophoretically isolated spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 22:197–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allamaneni, S.S., Agarwal, A., Rama, S., Ranganathan, P., and Sharma, R.K. (2005) Comparative study on density gradients and swim-up preparation techniques utilizing neat and cryopreserved spermatozoa. Asian J Androl 7:86–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amesse, L.S., Srivastava, G., Uddin, D., and Pfaff-Amesse, T. (2003) Comparison of cryopreserved sperm in vaporous and liquid nitrogen. J Reprod Med 48:319–24
   Google Scholar
• Anger, J.T., Gilbert, B.R., and Goldstein, M. (2003) Cryopreservation of sperm: indications, methods and results. J Urol 170:1079–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beirao, J., Zilli, L., Vilella, S., Cabrita, E., Schiavone, R., and Herráez, M.P. (2012) Improving sperm cryopreservation with antifreeze proteins: Effect on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) plasma membrane lipids. Biol Reprod 86:1–9
   Google Scholar
• Boissonneault, G. (2002) Chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis: a possible role for the transition proteins in DNA strand break repair. FEBS Lett 514:111–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borini, A., Sereni, E., Bonu, and Flamigni, C. (2000) Freezing a few testicular spermatozoa retrieved by TESA. Mol Cell Endocrinol 169:27–32
   Google Scholar
• Branco, C.S., Garcez, M.E., Pasqualotto, F.F., Erdtman, B., and Salvador, M. (2010) Resveratrol and ascorbic acid prevent DNA damage induced by cryopreservation in human semen. Cryobiology 60:235–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffat, C., Patrat, C., Merlet, F., Guibert, J., Epelboin, S., Thiounn, N., et al. (2006) ICSI outcomes in obstructive azoospermia: influence of the origin of surgically retrieved spermatozoa and the cause of obstruction. Hum Reprod 21:1018–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, P.J., Jacobson, J.D., Corselli, J.U., and Patton, W.C. (2006) A simple zeta method for sperm selection based on membrane charge. Fertil Steril 85:481–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Garrisi, G.J., Congedo-Ferrara, T.A., Kieck, K.A., Schimmel, T.W., and Scott, R.T. (1997) Cryopreservation of single human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 12:994–1001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Counsel, M., Bellinge, R., and Burton, P. (2004) Vitality of oligozoospermic semen samples is improved by both swim-up and density gradient centrifugation before cryopreservation. J Assist Reprod Genet 21:137–42
   Google Scholar
• Desai, N.N., Blackmon, H., and Goldfarb, J. (2004) Single sperm cryopreservation on cryoloops: an alternative to hamster zona for freezing individual spermatozoa. Reprod Biomed Online 9:47–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, N., Goldberg, J., Austin, C., Sabanegh, E., and Falcone, T. (2012) Cryopreservation of individually selected sperm: methodology and case report of a clinical pregnancy. J Assist Reprod Genet 29:375–9
   Google Scholar
• Di Santo, M., Tarozzi, N., Nadalini, M., and Borini, A. (2012) Human Sperm Cryopreservation: Update on Techniques, Effect on DNA Integrity, and Implications for ART. Adv Urol 2012:854837
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly, E.T., McClure, N., and Lewis, S.E.M. (2001a) Cryopreservation of human semen and prepared sperm: effects on motility parameters and DNA integrity. Fertil Steril 76:892–900
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donnelly, E.T., Steele, E.K., McClure, N., and Lewis, S.E. (2001b) Assessment of DNA integrity and morphology of ejaculated spermatozoa from fertile and infertile men before and after cryopreservation. Hum Reprod 16:1191–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo, Y., Fujii, Y., Shintani, K., Seo, M., Motoyama, H., and Funahashi, H. (2012) Simple vitrification for small numbers of human spermatozoa. Reprod Biomed Online 24:301–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteves, S.C., Sharma, R.K., Thomas A.J., Jr and Agarwal, A. (2000) Improvement in motion characteristics and acrosome status in cryopreserved human spermatozoa by swim-up processing before freezing. Hum Reprod 15:2173–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fountain, D., Ralston, M., Higgins, N., Gorlin, J., Uhl, L., Wheeler, C., et al. (1997) Liquid nitrogen freezers: a potential source of microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell components. Transfusion 37:585–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraga, C.G., Motchnik, P.A., Shigenaga, M.K., Helbock, H.J., Jacob, R.A., and Ames, B.N. (1991) Ascorbic acid protects against endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human sperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:11003–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadea, J., Molla, M., Selles, E., Marco, M.A., Garcia-Vazquez, F.A., and Gardon, J.C. (2011) Reduced glutathione content in human sperm is decreased after cryopreservation: Effect of the addition of reduced glutathione to the freezing and thawing extenders. Cryobiology 62:40–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandini, L., Lombardo, F., Lenzi, A., Spano, M., and Dondero, F. (2006) Cryopreservation and sperm DNA integrity. Cell Tissue Bank 7:91–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gangrade, B.K. (2013) Cryopreservation of testicular and epididymal sperm: techniques and clinical outcomes of assisted conception. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 68:131–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianaroli, L., Magli, M.C., Stanghellini, I., Crippa, A., Crivello, A.M., Pescatori, E.S., et al. (2012) DNA integrity is maintained after freeze-drying of human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 97:1067–1073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, J.A., Liu, J., Gao, D.Y., and Critser, J.K. (1997) Determination of optimal cryoprotectants and procedures for their addition and removal from human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 12:112–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil-Salom, M., Romero, J., Rubio, C., Ruiz, A., Remohi, J., and Pellicer, A. (2000) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa. Mol Cell Endocrinol 169:15–19
   Google Scholar
• Glander, H.J., Schiller, J., Suss, R., Paasch, U., Grunewald, S., and Arnhold, J. (2002) Deterioration of spermatozoal plasma membrane is associated with an increase of sperm lyso-phosphatidylcholines. Andrologia 34:360–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosalvez, J., Nunez, R., Fernandez, J.L., Lopez-Fernandez, C., and Caballero, P. (2011) Dynamics of sperm DNA damage in fresh versus frozen-thawed and gradient processed ejaculates in human donors. Andrologia 43:373–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunewald, S., Paasch, U., Said, T.M., Rasch, M., Agarwal, A., and Glander, H.J. (2006) Magnetic-activated cell sorting before cryopreservation preserves mitochondrial integrity in human spermatozoa. Cell Tissue Bank 7:99–104
   Google Scholar
• Hammadeh, M.E., Askari, A.S., Georg, T., Rosenbaum, P., and Schmidt, W. (1999) Effect of freeze-thawing procedure on chromatin stability, morphological alteration and membrane integrity of human spermatozoa in fertile and subfertile men. Int J Androl 22:155–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herrler, A., Eisner, S., Bach, V., Weissenborn, U., and Beier, H.M. (2006) Cryopreservation of spermatozoa in alginic acid capsules. Fertil Steril 85:208–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, W.V. (2000) Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen. Anim Reprod Sci 62:3–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isachenko, V., Isachenko, E., Katkov, II., Montag, M., Dessole, S., Nawroth, F., and Van Der Ven, H. (2004a) Cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by vitrification and freezing in vapor: effect on motility, DNA integrity, and fertilization ability. Biol Reprod 71:1167--73
   Google Scholar
• Isachenko, E., Isachenko, V., Katkov, II., Rahimi, G., Schöndorf, T., Mallmann, P., et al. (2004b) DNA integrity and motility of human spermatozoa after standard slow freezing versus cryoprotectant-free vitrification. Hum Reprod 19:932--9
   Google Scholar
• Isachenko, V., Isachenko, E., Montag, M., Zaeva, V., Krivokharchenko, I., Nawroth, F., et al. (2005) Clean technique for cryoprotectant-free vitrification of human spermatozoa. Reprod Biomed Online 10:350–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isachenko, V., Maettner, R., Petrunkina, A.M., Mallmann, P., Rahimi, G., Sterzik, K., et al. (2011) Cryoprotectant-free vitrification of human spermatozoa in large (up to 0.5 mL) volume: a novel technology. Clin Lab 57:643–50
   Google Scholar
• Isachenko, V., Maettner, R., Petrunkina, A.M., Sterzik, K., Mallmann, P., Rahimi, G., et al. (2012) Vitrification of Human ICSI/IVF Spermatozoa Without Cryoprotectants: New Capillary Technology. J Androl 33:462–8
   Google Scholar
• Ishijima, S.A., Okuno, M., and Mohri, H. (1991) Zeta potential of human X- and Y-bearing sperm. Int J Androl 14:340–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Just, A., Gruber, I., Wober, M., Lahodny, J., Obruca, A., and Strohmer, H. (2004) Novel method for the cryopreservation of testicular sperm and ejaculated spermatozoa from patients with severe oligospermia: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 82:445–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kam, T.L., Jacobson, J.D., Patton, W.C., Corselli, J.U., and Chan, P.J. (2007) Retention of membrane charge attributes by cryopreserved-thawed sperm and zeta selection. J Assist Reprod Genet 24:429–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karacan, M., Alwaeely, F., Erkan, S., Cebi, Z., Berberoglugil, M., Batukan, M., et al. (2013) Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with fresh testicular spermatozoa obtained on the day of or the day before oocyte collection and with cryopreserved testicular sperm in patients with azoospermia. Fertil Steril 100:975–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodayari, N.Z., Hassani B.H., and Nikzad, H. (2014) Evaluation of ebselen supplementation on cryopreservation medium in human semen. Iran J Reprod Med 12:249–56
   Google Scholar
• Kuleshova, L.L. and Lopata, A. (2002) Vitrification can be more favorable than slow cooling. Fertil Steril 78:449–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, M., Bavister, B.D., Lyons, E.A., and Forest, K.T. (1999) Containerless vitrification of mammalian oocytes and embryos. Nat Biotechnol 17:1234–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi-Setti, P.E., Albani, E., Negri, L., Cesana, A., Novara, P., and Bianchi, S. (2003) Cryopreservation of a small number of spermatozoa in yolk-filled human zonae pellucidae. Arch Ital Urol Androl 75:195–8
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, S.E., Sterling, E.S., Young, I.S., and Thompson, W. (1997) Comparison of individual antioxidants of sperm and seminal plasma in fertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril 67:142–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, J.J., Shin, T.E., Song, S., Bak, C.W., Yoon, T.K., and Lee, D.R. (2010) Effect of liquid nitrogen vapor storage on the motility, viability, morphology, deoxyribonucleic acid integrity, and mitochondrial potential of frozen-thawed human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 94:2736–41
   Google Scholar
• Lin, Y.M., Hsu, C.C., Kuo, T.C., Lin, J.S., Wang, S.T., and Huang, K.E. (2000) Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration versus microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration for irreparable obstructive azoospermia–experience with 100 cases. J Formos Med Assoc 99:459–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyet, B. (1937) The vitrification of organic colloids and protoplasm. Biodynamica 1:1–14
   Google Scholar
• Martin, S.J., Reutelingsperger, C.P., McGahon, A.J., Rader, J.A., van Schie, R.C., LaFace, D.M., et al. (1995) Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl. J Exp Med 182:1545–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, E.A., Ford, W.C., and Hull, M.G. (1992) Motility characteristics and membrane integrity of cryopreserved human spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil 95:527–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miltenyi, S., Muller, W., Weichel, W., and Radbruch, A. (1990) High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS. Cytometry 11:231–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montag, M., Rink, K., Dieckmann, U., Delacretaz, G., and van der Ven, H. (1999) Laser-assisted cryopreservation of single human spermatozoa in cell-free zona pellucida. Andrologia 31:49–53
   Google Scholar
• Moubasher, A.E., El Din, A.M., Ali, M.E., El-Sherif, W.T., and Gaber, H.D. (2013) Catalase improves motility, vitality and DNA integrity of cryopreserved human spermatozoa. Andrologia 45:135–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawroth, F., Isachenko, V., Dessole, S., Rahimi, G., Farina, M., Vargiu, N., et al. (2002) Vitrification of human spermatozoa without cryoprotectants. Cryo Letters 23:93–102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicopoullos, J.D., Gilling-Smith, C., Almeida, P.A., Norman-Taylor, J., Grace, I., and Ramsay, J.W. (2004) Use of surgical sperm retrieval in azoospermic men: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 82:691–701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oates, R.D., Mulhall, J., Burgess, C., Cunningham, D., and Carson, R. (1997) Fertilization and pregnancy using intentionally cryopreserved testicular tissue as the sperm source for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in 10 men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 12:734–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oates, R.D., Silber, S., Brown, L.G., and Page, D.C. (2002) Clinical characterization of 42 oligospermic or azoospermic men with microdeletion of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome, and of 18 children conceived via ICSI. Hum Reprod 17:2813–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell, M., McClure, N., and Lewis, S.E. (2002) The effects of cryopreservation on sperm morphology, motility and mitochondrial function. Hum Reprod 17:704–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks, J.E. and Graham, J.K. (1992) Effects of cryopreservation procedures on sperm membranes. Theriogenology 38:209–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsiadly, B.T., Woolcott, R.J., Stanger, J.D., and Stevenson, K. (1996) Pregnancy resulting from intracytoplasmic injection of cryopreserved spermatozoa recovered from testicular biopsy. Hum Reprod 11:1306–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prathalingam, N.S., Holt, W.V., Revell, S.G., Mirczuk, S., Fleck, R.A., and Watson, P.F. (2006) Impact of antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins on bovine sperm during freeze-thaw. Theriogenology 66:1894–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riel, J.M., Yamauchi, Y., Huang, T.T., Grove, J., and Ward, M.A. (2011) Short-term storage of human spermatozoa in electrolyte-free medium without freezing maintains sperm chromatin integrity better than cryopreservation. Biol Reprod 85:536–47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Said, T.M., Grunewald, S., Paasch, U., Rasch, M., Agarwal, A., and Glander, H.J. (2005) Effects of magnetic-activated cell sorting on sperm motility and cryosurvival rates. Fertil Steril 83:1442–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, T.M., Gaglani, A., and Agarwal, A. (2010) Implication of apoptosis in sperm cryoinjury. Reprod Biomed Online 21:456–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakkas, D., Manicardi, G.C., Tomlinson, M., Mandrioli, M., Bizzaro, D., Bianchi, P.G., et al. (2000) The use of two density gradient centrifugation techniques and the swim-up method to separate spermatozoa with chromatin and nuclear DNA anomalies. Hum Reprod 15:1112–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez, R., Isachenko, V., Petrunkina, A.M., Risopatron, J., Schulz, M., and Isachenko, E. (2012a) Live birth after intrauterine insemination with spermatozoa from an oligoasthenozoospermic patient vitrified without permeable cryoprotectants. J Androl 33:559–62
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez, R., Risopatrón, J., Schulz, M., Villegas, J.V., Isachenko, V., and Isachenko, E. (2012b) Vitrified sperm banks: the new aseptic technique for human spermatozoa allows cryopreservation at −86 °C. Andrologia 44:433–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sariozkan, S., Bucak, M.N., Tuncer, P.B., Ulutas, P.A., and Bilgen, A. (2009) The influence of cysteine and taurine on microscopic-oxidative stress parameters and fertilizing ability of bull semen following cryopreservation. Cryobiology 58:134–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saritha, K.R. and Bongso, A. (2001) Comparative evaluation of fresh and washed human sperm cryopreserved in vapor and liquid phases of liquid nitrogen. J Androl 22:857–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Satirapod, C., Treetampinich, C., Weerakiet, S., Wongkularb, A., Rattanasiri, S., and Choktanasiri, W. (2012) Comparison of cryopreserved human sperm from solid surface vitrification and standard vapor freezing method: on motility, morphology, vitality and DNA integrity. Andrologia 44:786–90
   Google Scholar
• Schlegel, P.N. and Su, L.M. (1997) Physiological consequences of testicular sperm extraction. Hum Reprod 12:1688–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster, T.G., Keller, L.M., Dunn, R.L., Ohl, D.A., and Smith, G.D. (2003) Ultra-rapid freezing of very low numbers of sperm using cryoloops. Hum Reprod 18:788–95
   Google Scholar
• Schwarzer, J.U., Fiedler, K., v Hertwig, I., Krusmann, G., Wurfel, W., Schleyer, M., et al. (2003) Sperm retrieval procedures and intracytoplasmatic spermatozoa injection with epididymal and testicular sperms. Urol Int 70:119–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, J.K. (1990) Cryopreservation of human semen. In: Handbook of the Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility. Keel B. and Webster B. W., eds. Boca Raton, Fla, USA: CRC Press, pp. 229--59
   Google Scholar
• Spadafora, C. (1998) Sperm cells and foreign DNA: a controversial relation. Bioessays 20:955–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spanò, M., Cordelli, E., Leter, G., Lombardo, F., Lenzi, A., and Gandini, L. (1999) Nuclear chromatin variations in human spermatozoa undergoing swim-up and cryopreservation evaluated by the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay. Mol Hum Reprod 5:29–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanic, P., Tandara, M., Sonicki, Z., Simunic, V., Radakovic, B., and Suchanek, E. (2000) Comparison of protective media and freezing techniques for cryopreservation of human semen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 91:65–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stecher, A., Bach, M., Neyer, A., Vanderzwalmen, P., Zintz, M., and Zech, N.H. (2011) Case report: live birth following ICSI with non-vital frozen-thawed testicular sperm and oocyte activation with calcium ionophore. J Assist Reprod Genet 28:411–14
   Google Scholar
• Taylor K., Roberts, P., Saunders, K., Burton, P. (2009) Effect of antioxidant supplementation of cryopreservation medium on post-thaw integrity of human spermatozoa. Reprod Biomed Online 18:184–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thachil, J.V. and Jewett, M.A. (1981) Preservation techniques for human semen. Fertil Steril 35:546–8
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, L.K., Fleming, S.D., Aitken, R.J., De Iuliis, G.N., Zieschang, J.A., and Clark, A.M. (2009) Cryopreservation-induced human sperm DNA damage is predominantly mediated by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis. Hum Reprod 24:2061–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomczak, M.M., Hincha, D.K., Estrada, S.D., Wolkers, W.F., Crowe, L.M., Feeney, R.E., et al. (2002) A mechanism for stabilization of membranes at low temperatures by an antifreeze protein. Biophys J 82:874–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tournaye, H., Merdad, T., Silber, S., Joris, H., Verheyen, G., Devroey, P., et al. (1999) No differences in outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh or with frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 14:90–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Unger, U., Poelsler, G., Modrof, J., and Kreil, T.R. (2009) Virus inactivation during the freeze-drying processes as used for the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products. Transfusion 49:1924–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, S. and Dayananda, C. (2008) Properties, potentials, and prospects of antifreeze proteins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 28:57–82
   Google Scholar
• Verheyen, G., Vernaeve, V., Van Landuyt, L., Tournaye, H., Devroey, P., and Van Steirteghem, A. (2004) Should diagnostic testicular sperm retrieval followed by cryopreservation for later ICSI be the procedure of choice for all patients with non-obstructive azoospermia? Hum Reprod 19:2822–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermes, I., Haanen, C., Steffens-Nakken, H., and Reutelingsperger, C. (1995) A novel assay for apoptosis. Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V. J Immunol Methods 184:39–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Schonfeldt, V., Krishnamurthy, H., Foppiani, L., and Schlatt, S. (1999) Magnetic cell sorting is a fast and effective method of enriching viable spermatogonia from Djungarian hamster, mouse, and marmoset monkey testes. Biol Reprod 61:582–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vutyavanich, T., Piromlertamorn, W., and Nunta, S. (2010) Rapid freezing versus slow programmable freezing of human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 93:1921–8
   Google Scholar
• Vutyavanich, T., Lattiwongsakorn, W., Piromlertamorn, W., and Samchimchom, S. (2012) Repeated vitrification/warming of human sperm gives better results than repeated slow programmable freezing. Asian J Androl 14:850–4
   Google Scholar
• Walmsley, R., Cohen, J., Ferrara-Congedo, T., Reing, A., and Garrisi, J. (1998) The first births and ongoing pregnancies associated with sperm cryopreservation within evacuated egg zonae. Hum Reprod 13:61–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, M.A., Kaneko, T., Kusakabe, H., Biggers, J.D., Whittingham, D.G., and Yanagimachi, R. (2003) Long-term preservation of mouse spermatozoa after freeze-drying and freezing without cryoprotection. Biol Reprod 69:2100–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, Y., Xu, C., Qian, Y., Jin, F., and Huang, H. (2009) Evaluation of human sperm function after being cryopreserved within the zona pellucida. Fertil Steril 92:1002–8
   Google Scholar
• Younis, AI., Rooks, B., Khan, S., and Gould, K.G. (1998) The effects of antifreeze peptide III (AFP) and insulin transferrin selenium (ITS) on cryopreservation of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) spermatozoa. J Androl 19:207–14
   Google Scholar
• Zribi, N., Chakroun, N.F., Ben Abdallah, F., Elleuch, H., Sellami, A., Gargouri, J., et al. (2012) Effect of freezing-thawing process and quercetin on human sperm survival and DNA integrity. Cryobiology 65:326–31
   Google Scholar