Hepatitis E virus co-infection in HIV-infected patients in Foggia and Naples in southern Italy

References

• Echevarría JM. Light and darkness: prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among the general population. Scientifica 2014;2014:481016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reuter G, Fofor D, Forgach P, Katai A, Szucs G. Characterization and zoonotic potential of endemic hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains in humans and animals in Hungary. J Clin Virol 2009;44:277–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christensen PB, Engle RE, Hjort C, Homburg KM, Vach W, Georgsen J, et al. Time trend of the prevalence of hepatitis E antibodies among farmers and blood donors: a potential zoonosis in Denmark. Clin Inf Dis 2008;47:1026–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meng XJ, Wiseman B, Elvinger F, Guenette DK, Toth TE, Engle RE, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the United States and other countries. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:117–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echevarría JM, Fogeda M, Avellón A. Update of cases of acute hepatitis E confirmed by the National Centre of Microbiology (Spain, 2004–2011). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013;31:57–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ijaz S, Arnold E, Banks Bendall RP, Cramp ME, Cunningham R, et al. Non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales: demographic, clinical and molecular epidemiological characteristics. J Infect Dis 2005;192:1166–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessoni E, Manoni F. Hepatitis E virus infection in north-east Italy: serological study in the open population and groups at risk. J Viral Hepat 1996;3:197–202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clemente-Casares P, Pina S, Buti M, Jardi R, Martin M, Bofill-Mas S, et al. Hepatitis E virus epidemiology in industrialized countries. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:448–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scotto G, Martinelli D, Giammario A, Prato R, Fazio V. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in immigrants: a seroepidemiological survey in the district of Foggia (Apulia-southern Italy). J Med Virol 2013;85:261–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalton HR, Bendal L, Ijaz S, Banks M. Hepatitis E: an emerging infection in developed countries. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:698–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamar N, Selves J, Mansuy JM, Ouezzani L, Péron JM, Guitard J, et al. Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplants recipients. N Engl J Med 2008;358:811–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haagsma EB, van den Berg AP, Porte RJ, Benne CA, Vennema H, Reimerink JH, et al. Chronic hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2008;14:547–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollier L, Tieulie N, Sanderson F, Heudier P, Giordanengo V, Fuzibet JG, et al. Chronic hepatitis after hepatitis E virus infection in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma taking rituximab. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:430–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fainboim H, Gonzales J, Fassio E, Martínez A, Otegui L, Eposto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis viruses in an anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive population from Argentina. A multicentre study. J Viral Hepat 1999;6:53–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balayan MS, Fedorova OE, Mikhailov MI, Rytick PG, Eremin VF, Danilova TI, et al. Antibody to hepatitis E virus in HIV-infected individuals and AIDS patients. J Viral Hepat 1997;4:279–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenfak-Foguena A, Schöni-Affolter F, Bürgisser P, Witteck A, Darling KE, Kovari H, et al. Data Center of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Lausanne, Switzerland. Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and chronic infections in patients with HIV, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17:1074–8.
   Google Scholar
• Renou C, Lafeuillade A, Cadranel JF, Pavio N, Pariente A, Allègre T, et al.; ANGH. Hepatitis E virus in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2010;24:1493–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scotto G, Martinelli D, Centra M, Querques M, Vittorio F, Delli Carri P, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of HEV infection: a survey in the district of Foggia (Apulia-Southern Italy). Epidemiol Infect 2014;142:287–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gouvea V, Hoke CH Jr, Innis BL. Genotyping of hepatitis E virus in clinical specimens by restriction endonuclease analysis. J Virol Methods 1998;70:71–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jardi R, Crespo M, Homs M, van den Eynde E, Girones R, Rodriguez-Manzano J, et al. HIV, HEV and cirrhosis: evidence of a possible link from eastern Spain. HIV Med 2012;13:379–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaba M, Richet H, Ravaux I, Moreau J, Poizot-Martin I, Motte A, et al. Hepatitis E virus infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Med Virol 2011;83:1704–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pischke S, Ho H, Urbanek F, Meyer-Olsen D, Suneetha PV, Manns MP, et al. Hepatitis E in HIV-positive patients in a low-endemic country. J Viral Hepat 2010;17:598–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madejón A, Vispo E, Bottecchia M, Sánchez-Carrillo M, García-Samaniego J, Soriano V. Lack of hepatitis E virus infection in HIV patients with advanced immunodeficiency or idiopathic liver enzyme elevations. J Viral Hepat 2009;16:895–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crum-Cianflone NF, Curry J, Drobeniuc J, Weintrob A, Landrum M, Ganesan A, et al. Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program HIV Working Group. Hepatitis E virus infection in HIV-infected persons. Emerg Infect Dis 2012;18:502–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng KP, He J, Saw TL, Lyles CM. A seroprevalence study of viral hepatitis E infection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected subjects in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2000;55:58–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mateos-Lindemann ML, Diez-Aguilar M, Gonzalez Galdamez AL, Galan JC, Moreno A, Perez-Gracia MT. Patients infected with HIV are at high-risk for hepatitis E virus infection in Spain. J Med Virol 2014;86:71–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masia G, Orrù G, Liciardi M, Desogus G, Coppola RC, Murru V, et al. Evidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in human and pigs in Sardinia, Italy. J Prev Med Hyg 2009;50:227–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bendall R, Ellis V, Ijaz S, Ali R, Dalton H. A comparison of two commercially available anti-HEV IgG kits and a reevaluation of anti-HEV seroprevalence data in developed countries. J Med Virol 2010;82:799–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drobeniuc J, Meng J, Reuter G, Greene-Montfort T, Khudyakova N, Dimitrova Z, et al. Serologic assays specific to immunoglobulin M antibodies against hepatitis E virus: pangenotypic evaluation of performances. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:e24–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colson P, Kaba M, Moreau J, Brouqui P. Hepatitis E in an HIV-infected patient. J Clin Virol 2009;45:269–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colson P, Gerolami R, Moreau J, Borentain P, Brouqui P. Concurrent autochthonous acute hepatitis E and hepatitis B reverse seroconversion in an HIV-1-infected patient: one virus may hide another. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e357.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takahashi M, Kusakai S, Mizuo H, Suzuki K, Fujimura K, Masuko K, et al. Simultaneous detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV) is highly specific for diagnosis of acute HEV infection. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:49–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montella F, Rezza G, Di Sora F, Pezzotti P, Recchia O. Association between hepatitis E virus and HIV infection in homosexual men. Lancet 1994;344:1433.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sylvan SP, Jacobson SH, Christenson B. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus among hemodialysis patients in Sweden. J Med Virol 1998;54:38–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sellier P, Mazeron MC, Tesse S, Badsi E, Evans J, Magnier JD, et al. Hepatitis E virus infection in HIV-infected patients with elevated serum transaminases levels. Virol J 2011;8:171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jagjit Singh GK, Ijaz S, Rockwood N, Farnworth SP, Devitt E, Atkins M, et al. Chronic hepatitis E as a cause for cryptogenic cirrhosis in HIV. J Infect 2013;66:103–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar Acharya S, Kumar Sharma P, Singh R, Kumar Mohanty S, Madan K, Kumar Jha J, et al. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with rapid decompensation and death. J Hepatol 2007;46: 387–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang WL, Liu HW, Chang WY, Chen SC, Hsieh MY, Wang LY. Natural killer cell activity in patients with liver cirrhosis relative to severity of liver damage. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:299–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar