30
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Mechanisms of the molecular action of glucocorticoids

Pages 1-11 | Published online: 02 Jan 2014

REFERENCES

  • Hench PS, Kendall ES, Slocumb CH et al.: The effect of a hormone of the adrenal cortex (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocortisone: compound E) and of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone on rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary report. Mayo Clin Proc 24: 181–197, 1949.
  • Evans RM: The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 240: 889–895, 1988.
  • Oshima H: Glucocorticoid receptors in human peripheral lymphocytes. IH. Relationship between glucocorticoid receptors and clinical effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Folia Endocrinol 62: 1306–1314, 1986.
  • Picard D, Yamamoto KR: Two signals mediate hormone-dependent nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 6: 3333–3340, 1987.
  • Sharp PA: UB or not UB. Nature 351: 16–17, 1991.
  • Yoshinaga SK, Peterson CL, Herskowitz I et al.: Roles of SW11, SW12, and SW13 proteins for transcriptional enhancement by steroid receptors. Science 258: 1598–1604, 1992.
  • Simons SS Jr, Oshima H, Szapary D: Higher levels of control: modulation of steroid hormone-regulated gene transcription. Mol Endocrinol 6: 955–1102, 1992.
  • Collier C, Oshima H, Simons SS Jr: A negative tyrosine aminotransferase gene element that blocks glucocorticoid modulatory element-regulated modulation of glucocorticoid-induced gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 10: 463–476, 1996.
  • Guyre PM, Girard MT, Morganelli PM et al.: Glucocorticoid effects on the production and actions of immune cytokines. J Steroid Biochem 30: 89–93, 1988.
  • Ray A, Laforge KS, Sehgal PB: On the mechanism for efficient repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by glucocorticoids: enhancer, TATA box, and RNA stat site (lnr motif) occlusion. Mol Cell Biol 10: 5736–5746, 1990.
  • Colotta F: Interleukin-1 type II receptor: a decoy target for IL-1 that is regulated by IL-4. Science 261: 472–475, 1993.
  • Blackwell GJ, Canniccio R, Di Rosa M et al.: Macrocortin: a polypeptide causing the anti-phospholi-pase effect of glucocorticoids. Nature 287: 147–149, 1980.
  • Buckingham JC, Loxley HD, Taylor AD et al: Cytokines, glucocorticoids and neuroendocrine function. Pharmacol Res 30: 35–42, 1994.
  • Sternberg EM, Wilder RL: Corticosteroids. In Allied Conditions (Koopman W, Ed), pp. 665–682. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1993.
  • Wallen N, Kita H, Weiller D, Gleich GJ: Glucocorticoids inhibit cytokine-mediated eosinophil survival. J Immunol 147: 3490–3495, 1991.
  • Radomski MW, Palmer RMJ, Moneada S: Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of an inducible, but not the constructive, nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells. Pmc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 10043–10049, 1990.
  • Cronstein BN, Kimmel SC, Levin RI et al.: A mechanism for the antiinflammatory effects of corticosteroids: the glucocorticoid receptor regulates leucocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1. Pmc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 9991–9995, 1992.
  • Canniccio R, Di Rosa M, Guerrasio B et al.: Vasocortin: a novel glucocorticoid-induced antiinflammatory protein. Br J Pharmacol 90: 443–445, 1987.
  • Tornatore K, Reed K, Veuto R: Twenty four hour immunologic assessment of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in renal transplant recipients receiving chronic methylprednisolone. Clin Nephrol 44: 290–298, 1995.
  • Nieto MA, Gonzalez A, Gambon F et al.: Apoptosis in human thymocytes after treatment with glucocorticoids. Clin Exp Immunol 88: 341–344, 1992.
  • Boumpas DT, Older SA, Anastassiou ED et al.: Dexamethasone inhibits human IL-2 but not IL-2 receptor gene expression in vitro at the level of nuclear transcription. J Clin Invest 87: 1739–1749, 1991.
  • Paliogianni F, Raptis A, Ahuja SS et al.: Negative transcriptional regulation of the human interleukin-2 gene by glucocorticoids through interference with nuclear factors AP-1 and NF-AT. J Clin Invest 91: 1481–1489, 1993.
  • Arya SK, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC: Dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of human T cell growth factor and gamma-interferon messenger RNA. J Immunol 133: 273–276, 1984.
  • Wu CY, Fargeas C, Nakajima T et al: Glucocorticoids suppress the production of interleukin-4 by human lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 21: 2645–2647, 1991.
  • Kunicka J, Talle M, Denhardt G et al.: Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of production of multiple lymphokines by in vivo administration of dexamethasone. Cell Immunol 149: 39–49, 1993.
  • Desbarats J, Yuo-Ten K, Lapp W: Levels of p56”* and p59^n are reduced by glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism in graft-versus-host reaction-induced T cell energy. Cell Immunol 163: 10–18, 1995.
  • Nijhuis KEW, Hinloopen B, Odding J et al: Abrogation of the suppressive effects of dexamethasone by PKC activation or CD28 trigerring. Cell Immunol 156: 438–447, 1994.
  • Chrousos GP: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. N Engl J Med 332: 1351–1362, 1995.
  • Gonzalez-Hernandez JA, Bomstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M et al.: JL-1 is expressed in human adrenal gland in vivo. Possible role in a local immune-adrenal axis. Clin Exp Immunol 1995: 137–141, 1995.
  • Calogero AE, Sternberg EM, Bagdy G et al.: Neurotransmitter-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness is defective in inflammatory disease-susceptible Lewis ratsu’n vivo and in vitro studies suggesting globally defective hypothalamic secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 55: 600–608, 1992.
  • Chikanza IC, Pérou P, Kingsley G et al: Defective hypothalamic response to immune and inflammatory stimuli in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 35: 1281–1288, 1992.
  • Yang-Yen HF, Chambard JC, Sun YL et ai: Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell 62: 1205–1215, 1990.
  • Schule R, Evans RM: Cross-coupling of signal transduction pathways: zinc finger meets leucine zipper. Trends Genet 7: 377–381, 1991.
  • Kamei Y, Xu L, Heinzel T et al: CBP integrator complex mediates transcriptional activation and AP-1 inhibition by nuclear receptors. Cell 85: 403–414, 1996.
  • Pearce D, Yamamoto KR: Mineralocoiticoid and glucocorticoid receptor activities distinguished by nonreceptor factors at a composite response element. Science 259: 1161–1165, 1993.
  • Miyashita A, Crystal RG, Hay JG: Identification of a 27bp 5’-flanking region element responsible for the low level constitutive expression of the human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene. Nucleic Acids Res 23: 293–301, 1995.
  • Stein B, Cogswell PC, Baldwin AS Jr: Functional and physical associations between NF-kB and C/EBP family members—a Rei domain-bZIP interaction. Mol Cel Biol 12: 3964–3974, 1993.
  • Ray A, Prefontaine KE: Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-kB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 752–756, 1994.
  • Scheinman R, Cogswell P, Lofqiust A et al.: Role of transcriptional activation of I kappa B alpha in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 270: 283–286, 1995.
  • Auphan N, Di Donato J, Rosette C et al.: Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-kB activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis. Science 270: 286–290, 1995.
  • Chen Z, Parent L, Maniatis T: Site-specific phosphorylation of kB alpha by a novel ubiquitination-dependent protein kinase activity. Cell 84: 853–862, 1996.
  • Simons SS Jr, Mercier L, Miller NR et al.: Differential modulation of gene induction by glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoids in rat hepatoma tissue culture cells. Cancer Res 15: 2244s-2252s, 1989.
  • Oshima H, Simons SS Jr: Modulation of transcription factor activity by a distant steroid modulatory element. Mol Endocrinol 6: 416–428, 1992.
  • Oshima H, Simons SS Jr: Modulation of glucocorticoid induction of tyrosine aminotransferase gene expression by variations in cell density. Endocrinology 130: 2106–2112, 1992.
  • Oshima H, Simons SS Jr: Sequence selective interactions of transcription factor elements with tandem glucocorticoid responsive elements at physiological steroid concentrations. J Biol Chem 268: 26858–26865, 1993.
  • Oshima H, Szapary D, Simons SS Jr: The factor binding to the glucocorticoid modulatory element of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene is a novel and ubiquitous heteromeric complex. J Biol Chem 270: 21893–21901, 1995.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.