Social and Professional Borderlines: The Socioprofessional Dynamic and the Experiences of African-American and White Pharmacy Students

References

• Woodson CG. The mis-education of the Negro. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers; 1933.
   Google Scholar
• American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Profile of pharmacy students. Alexandria, VA: AACP; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart JE, Davis A. Choice of practice environments by black pharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ. 1977; 41:156–9.
   Google Scholar
• Weinert AB, Jacoby KE, Gibson RD. Work environment practice attitudes of recent black and Chicano doctor of pharmacy graduates. Am J Pharm Educ. 1978; 42:295–7.
   Google Scholar
• Green MF, ed. Minorities on campus: A handbook for enhancing diversity. Washington, DC: American Council on Education; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Moos RH. Evaluating educational environments. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Mow SL, Nettles MT. Minority student access to, and persistence in, college: A review of the trends and research literature. In: Higher education: Handbook of theory and research. Vol. 6. Smart JC, ed. New York: Agathon Press; 1990:35–105.
   Google Scholar
• Bandalos DL, Sedlacek WE. Predicting success of pharmacy students using tra-ditional and nontraditional measures by race. Am J Pharm Educ.1989; 53:145–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charupatanapong N, Richard A. Predicting the academic performance of phar-macy students at a predominantly black institution. J Pharm Teach.1993; 4(1):21–33.
   Google Scholar
• Fleming J. Stress and satisfaction in the college years of black students. JNegro Educ. 1981; 50:307–18.
   Google Scholar
• Fleming J. Blacks in college: A comparative study of students' success in black and white institutions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Allen WR. Black student, white campus: Structural, interpersonal, and psycho-logical correlates of success. J Negro Educ. 1985; 54:134–47.
   Google Scholar
• Allen WR. Improving black student access and achievement in higher educa-tion. Rev High Educ. 1988; 11:403–16.
   Google Scholar
• Burbach HJ, Thompson MA. Alienation among college freshmen: A compari-son of Puerto Rican, black, and white students. J Coll Student Personnel. 1971; 12:248–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babbit CE, Burbach HJ, Thompson MA. Organizational alienation among black college students: A comparison of three college settings. J Coll Student Person-nel. 1975; 16:53–6.
   Google Scholar
• Smith DG. The challenge of diversity: Involvement or alienation in the acad-emy? Washington, DC: George Washington University; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Strandley NV. White students in black colleges and universities: Their attitudes and perceptions. Atlanta: Southern Regional Education Board; 1978. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 165 591.
   Google Scholar
• Hurtado S. The campus racial climate: Contexts of conflict. J Higher Educ. 1992; 63:539–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher BJ, Hartmann DJ. The impact of race on the social experience of college students at a predominantly white university. J Black Stud. 1995; 26:117–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson LW, Kuh GD. The influence of dominant race environments on student involvement, perceptions, and educational gains: A look at historically black and pre-dominantly white liberal arts institutions. J Coll Student Dev. 1996; 37:415–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmers MT, Pike GR. Minority and nonminority adjustment to college: Differ-ences or similarities? Res Higher Educ. 1997; 38:77–97.
   Google Scholar
• Cabrera AF, Nora A, Terenzini PT, Pascarella E, Hagedon LS. Campus racial climate and the adjustment of students to college: A comparison between white stu-dents and African-American students. J Higher Educ. 1999; 70:134–60.
   Google Scholar
• Myers U. Understanding an Afrocentric world view: Introduction to an optimal psychology. 2nd ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• James LR. Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement. J Appl Psychol. 1982; 67:219–29.
   Google Scholar
• Krakower J. The reliability and validity of organizational climates. Washing-ton, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education; 1987. ERIC Document Re-production Service No. ED 281 475.
   Google Scholar
• Gerald MC, Cassady JM. Cooperative approaches to stimulating minority par-ticipation in graduate pharmaceutical education. In: Multicultural pharmaceutical edu-cation. Bleidt B, ed. New York: The Haworth Press; 1992:43–62.
   Google Scholar
• Patton MQ. Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Glesne C, Peshkin A. Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. White Plains, NY: Longman; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Goetz JP, LeCompte MD. Ethnographic research and the problem of data reduc-tion. Anthropol Educ Q. 1981; 12:51–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele CM. A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. Am Psychol. 1997; 52:613–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanter RM. Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books; 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Stanfield JH. Ethnic modeling in qualitative research. In: Handbook of qualita-tive research. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1994:175–88.
   Google Scholar
• Allport GW. The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1954.
   Google Scholar
• Centra J, Rock D. College environments and student academic achievement. Am Educ Res. 1971; 8:623–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascarella ET. Student-faculty informal contact and college outcomes. Rev Educ Res. 1980; 50:545–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascarella ET, Terenzini PT. Educational attainment. In: How college affects students. Pascarella ET, Terenzini PT, eds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1991:369–423.
   Google Scholar
• McClelland KE. The social management of ambition. Sociol Q. 1990; 31:225–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvajal MJ, Hardigan P. First-job preferences and expectations of pharmacy students: Intergender and interethnic comparisons. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1999; 39:32–40.
   Google Scholar
• Behar R. Translated woman. Boston: Beacon Press; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Nacoste RW. The truth about affirmative action. Chron Higher Educ. 1995; (Apr 7):A48.
   Google Scholar
• Nacoste RW. Affirmative action and the formation of informal interracial groups on the college campus: Report to the Spencer Foundation. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University; 1991. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 342 308.
   Google Scholar
• Astin AW. The methodology of research on college impact, part one. Sociol Educ. 1970; 43:223–54.
   Google Scholar
• James LR, Sells SB. Psychological climate: Theoretical perspectives and em-pirical research. In: Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective. Magnusson D, ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1981:275–95.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen WG, Bok D. The shape of the river: Long-term consequences of consid-ering race in college and university admissions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson E. What would we do if we really loved the students? In: Black stu-dents: Psychological issues and academic achievement. Berry GL, Asamen JK, eds. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1989:218–42.
   Google Scholar