2
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Echoviruses Types 4 and 9 in an Outbreak of Aseptic Meningitis in Jerusalem

, , , &
Pages 87-93 | Published online: 02 Jan 2015

References

  • Ashkenazi, A. & Yodfat, I.: An outbreak of an epidemic due to ECHO-9 in a kibbutz. Harefuah, J Med Ass Israel 67: 289, 1964.
  • Barron, A. L. & Karzon, D. T.: Characteristics of ECHO 4 (Shorpshire) virus isolated during an epidemic of aseptic meningitis. J Immun 87: 608, 1961.
  • Bell, E. J., Stott, J. & Ross, C. A. C.: Laboratory diagnosis of ECHO type 9 infection. Arch Ges Virusforsch 14: 147, 1963.
  • Boissard, G. P. B., Stokes, L. J., Macrae, A. D. & MacCallum, F. O.: Isolation of viruses related to ECHO virus type 9 from outbreaks of aseptic meningitis. Lancet 1: 500, 1957.
  • Chin, T. D. Y., Beran, G. W. & Wenner, H. A.: An epidemic illness associated with a recently recognized enteric virus (ECHO virus type 4). II. Recognition and identification of the etiologic agent. Amer J Hyg 66: 76, 1957.
  • Committee on Enteroviruses; National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. The enteroviruses. Amer J Public Health 47: 1556, 1957.
  • Faulkner, R. S., MacLeod, A. J. & Van Rooyen, C. E.: Virus meningitis—seven cases in one family. Canad Med Ass J 77: 439, 1957.
  • Frothingham, T. E.: ECHO virus type 9 associated with three cases simulating meningococcemia. New Eng J Med 259: 484, 1958.
  • Garnett, D. G., Burlingham, A. & Zwanenberg, D.: An outbreak of aseptic meningitis of virus origin in East Suffolk. Lancet 1: 500, 1957.
  • Godtfredsen, A. & Von Magnus, H.: Isolation of ECHO virus type 9 from cerebrospinal fluid. Danish Med Bull 4: 233, 1957.
  • Honig, H. I., Melnick, J. L., Isacson, P., Parr, R., Myers, I. L. & Walton, M.: An endemiological study of enteric virus infections. J Exp Med 103: 247, 1956.
  • Horstmann, D. M.: New ECHO viruses and their role in human disease. Arch Intern Med (Chicago) 102: 155, 1958.
  • Horstmann, D. M.: Viral exanthems and enanthems. Pediatrics 41: 867, 1968.
  • Howarth, W. H., Naude, W. D., Becker, W. B., Malherbe, H. H. & Harwin, R.: A closed epidemic of acute aseptic meningitis caused by ECHO virus type 4. Laboratory studies. S Afr Med J 35: 333, 1961.
  • Jahn, C. L. & Cherry, J. D.: Mild neonatal illness associated with heavy enteroviral infection. New Eng J Med 274: 394, 1966.
  • Johnsson, T., Böttiger, M. & Löfdahl, A.: An outbreak of aseptic meningitis with rubella-like rash, probably caused by ECHO virus type 4. Arch Ges Virusforsch 8: 306, 1958.
  • Karzon, D. T., Eckert, G. L., Barron, A. L., Hayner, N. S. & Winkelstein, W., Jr.: Aseptic meningitis epidemic due to ECHO 4 virus. Amer J Dis Child 101: 610, 1961.
  • Kibrick, S. & Enders, J. F.: Disease due to ECHO virus type 9 in Massachusetts, 1958. New Eng J Med 259: 482, 1958.
  • Kibrick, S.: Current status of coxsackie and ECHO viruses in human disease. Progr Med Virol 6: 27, 1964.
  • Krech, V.: Echovirus infections in Switzerland during the past 12 years. Schweiz Med Wschr 97: 838, 1967.
  • Lehan, P. H., Chick, E. W., Doto, I. L., Chin, T. D. Y., Heeren, R. H. & Furcolow, M. L.: An epidemic illness associated with a recently recognized enteric virus (ECHO virus type 4). I. Epidemiological and clinical features. Amer J Hyg 66: 63, 1957.
  • MacLeod, A. J., Faulkner, R. S. & Van Rooyen, C. E.: ECHO 9 virus infection in Eastern Canada; Clinical and laboratory study. Canad Med Ass J 78: 661, 1958.
  • Malherbe, H., Harwin, R. & Smith, A. H.: An epidemic of aseptic meningitis associated with ECHO virus type 4. S Afr Med J 31: 1261, 1957.
  • Marzetti, G. & Midulla, M.: Acute cerebellar ataxia associated with ECHO type 6 infection in two children. Acta Paediat Scand 56: 547, 1967.
  • McAllister, R. M., Hummeler, K. & Coriell, L. L.: Acute cerebellar ataxia: Report of a case with isolation of type 9 ECHO virus from the cerebrospinal fluid. New Eng J Med 261: 1159, 1959.
  • Melnick, J. L.: Advances in the study of enteroviruses. Progr Med Virol 1: 59, 1958.
  • Morgante, O., Barager, E. M. & Herbert, F. A.: Central nervous system disease in human due to simultaneous epidemics of echovirus type 9 and western encephalomyelitis virus infection in Alberta. Canad Med Ass J 98: 1170, 1968.
  • Moshkowitz, A., Grinfeld, A., Abrahamov, A. & Nishmi, M.: An outbreak among children of aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus type 9. Acta Paediat Scand 57: 395, 1968.
  • Munk, K. K. & Naseman, T.: Untersuchungen über die Ätiologie der in Süddeutschland beobachteten Falle des variablen infektiösen Exanthems; Isolierung eines ECHO-virus. Klin Wschr 37: 371, 1959.
  • Nihoul, E., Quersin-Thiry, L. & Weynants, A.: ECHO virus type 9 as the agent responsible for an important outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Belgium. Amer J Hyg 66: 102, 1957.
  • Nishmi, M. & Yodfat, I.: Echovirus type 4 in an outbreak of minor illness in a communal settlement. Israel J Med Sci. In press
  • Nogen, A. G. & Lepow, M. L.: Enteroviral meningitis in very young infants. Pediatrics 40: 617, 1967.
  • Portnoy, B., Leedom, J. M., Hanes, B. & Wehrle, P. F.: Factors affecting ECHO-9 virus recovery from cerebrospinal fluid. Amer J Med Sci 248: 521, 1961.
  • Quersin-Thiry, L., Nihoul, E. & Dekking, F.: ECHO virus type 9 (a new member of Coxsackie group type A) as a cause of epidemic meningitis. Science 125: 744, 1957.
  • Rannon, L., Goldblum, N., Leventon, S., Levi, M., Farin, J. & Pushkin, V.: An outbreak of ECHO 9 disease in Israel. Harefuah, J Med Ass Israel 57: 118, 1959.
  • Sabin, A. B., Krumbeigel, E. R. & Wigand, R.: ECHO type 9 virus disease. Virologically controlled clinical and epidemiologic observations during the 1957 epidemic in Milwaukee, with notes on concurrent similar disease associated with coxsackie and other ECHO viruses. Amer J Dis Child 96: 197, 1958.
  • Schmidt, N. J., Guenther, R. W. & Lennette, E. H.: Typing of ECHO virus isolates by immune serum pools. The “Intersecting Serum” scheme. J Immun 87: 623, 1961.
  • Schmidt, N. J.: Tissue culture methods and procedures for diagnostic virology. In: Diagnostic Procedures for Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, p. 121 (eds. E. H. Lennette & N. I. Schmidt). The American Public Health Association, New York 1964.
  • Solomon, P., Weinstein, L., Chang, Te-W., Artenstein, M. S. & Ambrose, C. T.: Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of an epidemic of type 9 ECHO virus meningitis. J Pediat 55: 609, 1959.
  • Spudis, E. V. & Cramblett, H. G.: ECHO 4 meningoencephalitis. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 12: 404, 1965.
  • Wenner, H. A. & Lou, T. Y.: Virus diseases associated with cutaneous eruptions. Progr Med Virol 5: 219, 1963.
  • Widell, S.: On cerebrospinal fluid in normal and in patients with acute abacterial meningoencephalitis. Acta Paediat Scand, Suppl. 115, 1958.
  • Wilsen, A. A. J., Peisach, H. & Howarth, W. H.: A closed epidemic of acute aseptic meningitis caused by ECHO virus type 4. S Afr Med J 35: 330, 1961.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.