8
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellany

Attachment of Escherichia Coli to Human Urinary Tract Epithelial Cells: An in Vitro Test System Applied in the Study of Urinary Tract Infections

Pages 1-69 | Published online: 02 Jan 2015

References

  • Ahlstedt, S., Carlsson, B., Hanson, L.Å., Kaijser, B., Mattsby Baltzer, I. & Sohl Åkerlund, A.: Application of the ELISA for determination of class specific bacterial antibodies. Scand J Immunol (in press), 1978
  • Aly, R., Shinefield, H.I., Strauss, W.G. & Maibach, H.I.: Bacterial adherence to nasal mucosal cells. Infect Immun 17:546–549, 1977
  • Asscher, A.W., Sussman, M. & Weiser, R.: Bacterial growth in human urine. In: Urinary Tract Infection. Proc First Nat Symp, London. ed. F. O'Grady and W. Brumfitt, pp. 3–14. Oxford University Press, London, 1968
  • Axén, R., Porath, J. & Ernback, S.: Chemical coupling of peptides and proteins to polysaccharides by means of cyanogen halides. Nature (London) 214:1302–1304, 1967
  • Beachey, E.H. & Ofek, I.: Epithelial cell binding of group A Streptococci by lipoteichoic acid on fimbriae denuded of M protein. J Exp Med 143:759–771, 1976
  • Bergström, T., Lincoln, K., Ørskov, F., Ørskov, I. & Winberg, J.: Studies of urinary tract infections in infancy and childhood. VIII. Reinfection vs. relapse in recurrent urinary tract infection. Evaluation by means of identification of infecting organisms. J Pediatr 71:13–20, 1967
  • Besredka, A.: Immunisation locale. Masson & Cie, Paris, p. 181, 1925
  • Bettelheim, K.A. & Taylor, J.: A study of Escherichia coli isolated from chronic urinary infections. J Med Microbiol 2:225–236, 1969
  • Bollgren, I. & Winberg, J.: The periurethral aerobic flora in girls highly susceptible to urinary infections. Acta Paediatr Scand 65:81–87, 1976
  • Bradley, D.E. & Pitt, T.L.: An immunological study of the pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Hyg Camb 74:419–430, 1975
  • Bradley Sack, R. & Miller, C.E.: Progressive changes of Vibrio serotypes in germ-free mice infected with Vibrio Cholerae. J Bacteriol 99:688–695, 1969
  • Bradshaw, M., Schneerson, R., Parke, Jr., J.C. & Robbins, J.B.: Bacterial antigens cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Lancet I:1095–1096, 1971
  • Bratthall, D. & Gibbons, R.J.: Antigenic variation of Streptococcus mutans colonizing gnotobiotic rats. Infect Immun 12:1231–1236, 1975
  • Brinton, C.C.: The structure, function, synthesis and genetic control of bacterial pili, and a molecular model for DNA and RNA transport in gram negative bacteria. Trans N.Y. Acad Sci 27:1003–1054, 1965
  • Brinton, C.C., Buzzell, A. & Lauffer, M.A.: Electrophoresis and phage susceptibility studies of a filament-producing variant of the E.coli B bacterium. Biochim Biophys Acta 15:533–542, 1954
  • Brody, L.H., Salladay, J.R. & Armbuster, K.: Urinanalysis and the urinary sediment. Med Clin North Amer 55:243–266, 1971
  • Buchanan, T.M. & Pearce, W.A.: Pili as a mediator of the attachment of gonococci to human erythrocytes. Infect Immun 13:1483–1489, 1976
  • Cobbs, G.C. & Kaye, D.: Antibacterial mechanisms in the urinary bladder. Yale J Biol Med 40:93–108, 1967
  • Costerton, J.W., Geesey, G.G. & Cheng, K.-J.: How bacteria stick. Scientific American 86–95, 1977
  • Cowan, S.I. & Steel, K.J.: Manual for the identification of medical bacteria. p. 98, University Press, Cambridge, 1966
  • Cox, C. & Hinman, F.: Experiments with induced bacteriuria, vesical emptying and bacterial growth on the mechanism of bladder defence to infection. J Urol 86:739–748, 1961
  • Craig, S.W. & Cebra, J.J.: Peyer's patches: An enriched source of precursors for IgA-producing immunocytes in the rabbit. J Exp Med 134:188–200, 1971
  • De, S.N. & Chatterje, D.N.: An experimental study of the mechanism of action of Vibrio cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane. J Path Bact 66:559–562, 1953
  • Devoe, I.W. & Gilchrist, J.E.: Ultrastructure of pili and annular structures on the cell wall surface of Neisseria meningitidis. Infect Immun 10:872–876, 1974
  • Duguid, J.P.: The function of bacterial fimbriae. Arch Immun Thér exp 16:173–188, 1968
  • Duguid, J.P. & Anderson, E.S.: Terminology of bacterial fimbriae or pili and their types. Nature 215:89–90, 1967
  • Dugiud, J.P., Anderson, E.S. & Campbell, I.: Fimbriae and adhesive properties in Salmonellae. J Path Bact 92:107–138, 1966
  • Duguid, J.P., Darekar, M.R. & Wheather, D.W.F.: Fimbriae and infectivity in Salmonella typhimurium. J Med Microbiol 9:459–473, 1976
  • Duguid, J.P. & Gillies, R.R.: Fimbriae and adhesive properties in dysentery bacilli. J Path Bact 74:397–411, 1957
  • Duguid, J.P., Smith, I.W., Dempster, G. & Edmunds, P.N.: Non-flagellar filamentous appendages (“fimbriae”) and haemagglutinating activity in Bacterium coli. J Path Bact 70:335–348, 1955
  • Ellen, R.P. & Gibbons, R.J.: M protein associated adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial surfaces: Prerequisite for virulence. Infect Immun 5:826–830, 1972
  • Ellen, R.P. & Gibbons, R.J.: Parameters affecting the adherence and tissue tropism of Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun 9:85–91, 1974
  • Engvall, E. & Perlmann, P.: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA. III. Quantitation of specific antibodies by enzyme-labelled anti-immunoglobulin in antigen-coated tubes. J Immunol 109:129–135, 1972
  • Evans, B.A.: Ultrastructural study of cervical gonorrhoea. J Infect Dis 136:248–255, 1977
  • Evans, D.G., Silver, R.P., Evans, Jr., D.J., Chase, D.G. & Gorbach, S.L.: Plasmid-controlled colonization factor associated with virulence in Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic for humans. Infect Immun 12:656–667, 1975
  • Evans, E.M., Wrigglesworth, J.M., Burdett, K. & Pover, W.F.R.: Studies on epithelial cells isolated from guinea pig small intestine. J Cell Biol 51:452–464, 1971
  • Fowler, J.E. & Stamey, T.A.: Studies of introital colonization in women with recurrent urinary tract infection. VII. The role of bacterial adherence. J Urol 117:472–476, 1977
  • Freter, R.: Studies on the mechanism of action of intestinal antibody in experimental cholera. Texas Reports on Biol and Med 27: Suppl 1, 299–316, 1969
  • Freter, R.: Possible effects of foreign DNA on pathogenic potential and intestinal proliferation of Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 137:624–629, 1978
  • Freter, R. & Jones, G.W.: Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae. Nature of the interaction with intact mucosal surfaces. Infect Immun 14:246–256, 1976
  • Frost, A.J.: Selective adhesion of microorganisms to ductular epithelium of bovine mammary gland. Infect Immun 12:1154–1156, 1975
  • Frøholm, L.O. & Bøvre, K.: Fimbriation associated with the spreading-corroding colony type in Moraxella kingii. Acta path microbiol scand Sect B 80:641–648, 1972
  • Fubara, E.S. & Freter, R.: Protection against enteric bacterial infection by secretory IgA antibodies. J Immunol 111:395–403, 1973
  • Gibbons, R.J.: Bacterial adherence in infection and immunity. Rev Microbiol (S. Paulo) 4:49–60, 1973
  • Gibbons, R.J. & van Houte, J.: Selective bacterial adherence to oral epithelial surfaces and its role as an ecological determinant. Infect Immun 3:567–573, 1971
  • Gibbons, R.J. & van Houte, J.: Bacterial adherence in oral microbial ecology. Ann Rev Microbiol 29:19–44, 1975
  • Gibbons, R.J., Spinell, D.M. & Skobe, Z.: Selective adherence as a determinant of the host tropisms of certain indigenous and pathogenic bacteria. Infect Immun 13:238–246, 1976
  • Gorbach, S.L.: Recombinant DNA: An infectious disease perspective. J Infect Dis 137:615–623, 1978
  • Gould, K., Ramirez-Ronda, C.H., Holmes, R.K. & Sanford, J.P.: Adherence of bacteria to heart valves in vitro. J Clin Invest 56:1364–1370, 1975
  • Grüneberg, R.N.: Relationship of infecting urinary organisms to the faecal flora in patients with symptomatic urinary infection. Lancet II:766–768, 1969
  • Hansog, L.Å., Ahlstedt, S., Fasth, A., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B., Sohl Åkerlund, A. & Svanborg Edén, C.: Antigens of E.coli, human immune response and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. J Infect Dis Suppl 136:S144–S149, 1977
  • Hanson, L.Å., Ahlstedt, S., Carlsson, B., Kaijser, B., Larsson, P., Mattsby Baltzer, I., Sohl Åkerlund, A., Svanborg Edén, C. & Svennerholm, A -M.: Secretory IgA antibodies to enterobacterial virulence antigens, their induction and possible relevance. Adv Exp Med Biol (in press), 1978
  • Hanson, L.Å. & Brandtzaeg, P.: Mucosal defence systems. In: Immunological Disorders in Infants and Children. eds. E.R. Stiehm and V.A. Fulginiti. W.B. Saunders, 2 ed., Philadelphia (in press), 1979
  • Hanson, L.Å., Holmgren, J., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B., Lönnroth, I. & Wadsworth, C.: Immunoglobulins in urines of children with urinary tract infections. In: The Secretory Immunologic System. (ed.) D.H. Dayton. pp. 367–383. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971
  • Hanson, L.Å. & Tan, E.M.: Characterization of antibodies in human urine. J Clin Invest 44:703–715, 1965
  • Heckels, J.E., Blackett, B., Everson, J.S. & Ward, M.E.: The influence of surface charge on the attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human cells. J Gen Microbiol 96:359–364, 1976
  • Henrichsen, J.: Bacterial surface translocation: A survey and a classification. Bacteriol Rev 36:478–503, 1972
  • Henrichsen, J. & Blom, J.: Correlation between twitching motility and possession of polar fimbriae in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Acta path microbiol scand Sect B 83:103–115, 1975
  • Henriksen, S.D. & Henrichsen, J.: Twitching motility and possession of polar fimbriae in spreading Streptococcus sanguis isolates from the human throat. Acta path microbiol scand Sect B 83:133–140, 1975
  • Heremans, J.F.: Immunoglobulin formation and function in different tissues. Current Topics in Microbiol and Immunol 45:131–203, 1968
  • Hohman, A. & Wilson, M.R.: Adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelium in vivo. Infect Immun 12:866–880, 1975
  • Holmgren, J. & Svennerholm, A -M.: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cholera serology. Infect Immun 7:759–763, 1973
  • Holmgren, J. & Svennerholm, A -M.: Mechanisms of disease and immunity in cholera: A review. J Infect Dis Suppl 136:S105–S112, 1977
  • Houvink, A.L. & van Iterson, W.: Electron microscopical observations on bacterial cytology. II. A study on flagellation. Biochim Biophys Acta 5:10–44, 1950
  • Hultborn, R.: A spectrophotometric method for analysis of oxygen consumption in vitro on the microscale. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 404:1–47, 1974
  • Isaacson, R.E.: K99 surface antigen of Escherichia coli: Purification and partial characterization. Infect Immun 15:272–279, 1977
  • Jodal, U., Ahlstedt, S., Carlsson, B., Hanson, L.Å., Lindberg, U. & Sohl, A.: Local antibodies in childhood urinary tract infection. A preliminary study. Int Arch Allergy 47:537–546, 1974
  • Jodal, U., Lindberg, U. & Lincoln, K.: Level diagnosis of symptomatic urinary tract infections in childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:201–208, 1975
  • Jones, G.W., Abrahams, G.D. & Freter, R.: Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae: Adhesion to isolated rabbit brush border membranes and hemagglutinating activity. Infect Immun 14:232–239, 1976
  • Jones, G.W. & Freter, R.: Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae: Nature of the interaction with isolated rabbit brush border membranes and human erythrocytes. Infect Immun 14:240–245, 1976
  • Jones, G.W. & Rutter, J.M.: Role of the K88 antigen in the pathogenesis of neonatal diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli in piglets. Infect Immun 6:918–927, 1972
  • Kaijser, B.: A simple method for typing of acidic polysaccharide K antigens of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1:285–288, 1977
  • Kaijser, B. & Ahlstedt, S.: Protective capacity of antibodies against Escherichia coli O and K antigens. Infect Immun 17:286–289, 1977
  • Kaijser, B., Hanson, L.Å., Jodal, U., Lidin Janson, G. & Robbins, J.B.: Frequency of E.coli K antigens in urinary tract infections in children. Lancet I:663–664, 1977
  • Kaijser, B., Jodal, U. & Hanson, L.Å.: Studies on antibody response and tolerance to E.coli K antigens in immunized rabbits and in children with urinary tract infection. Int Arch Allergy 44:260–273, 1973
  • Kaijser, B., Larsson, P. & Olling, S.: Protection against ascending E.coli pyelonephritis in rats and significance of local immunity. Infect Immun 20:78–81, 1978
  • Kass, E.H.: Asymptomatic infections of the urinary tract. Trans Ass Amer Physicians 69:56–63, 1956
  • Kauffmann, F.: Über neue thermolabile Körperantigene der Colibakterien. Acta path microbiol scand 20:21–44, 1943
  • Kellogg, D.S., Peacock, W.L., Deacon, W.E., Brown, L. & Pirkle, C.L.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Virulence genetically linked to clonal variation. J Bacteriol 85:1274–1279, 1963
  • Kern, W.H.: Epithelial cells in urine sediments. Am J Clin Pathol 56:67–72, 1970
  • Kunin, C.M., Deutscher, R. & Paquin, A.: Urinary tract infection in school children: An epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory study. Medicine 43:91–130, 1964
  • Källenius, G. & Winberg, J.: Bacterial adherence to periurethral epithelial cells in girls prone to urinary tract infections. (in manuscript).
  • Labrec, E.H., Schneider, H., Magnani, T.J. & Formal, S.B.: Epithelial cell penetration as an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. J Bacteriol 88:1503–1518, 1964
  • Lancet: E.coli enteritis, leading article. Lancet II:1131–1132, 1975
  • Lancet: Bacterial adhesiveness and the gut, leading article. Lancet I:1293–1294, 1977
  • Lankford, C.E.: Factors of virulence of Vibrio cholerae. Ann N.Y. Acad Sci 88:1203–1212, 1960
  • Lidin Janson, G., Falsen, E., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B. & Lincoln, K.: Characteristics of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the rectum of healthy school children. J Med Microbiol 10:299–308, 1977 a
  • Lidin Janson, G., Hanson, L.Å., Kaijser, B., Lincoln, K., Lindberg, U., Olling, S. & Wedel, H.: Comparison of Escherichia coli from bacteriuric patients with those from faeces of healthy school children. J Infect Dis 136:346–353, 1977 b
  • Lidin Janson, G. & Lindberg, U.: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VI. The correlation between urinary and faecal Escherichia coli in asymptomatic bacteriuria. Relation to the duration of bacteriuria and the sampling technique. Acta Paediatr Scand 66:349–354, 1977
  • Lincoln, K., Lidin Janson, G. & Winberg, J.: Resistant urinary infections resulting from changes in resistance pattern of faecal flora induced by sulphonamide and hospital environment. Brit Med J 3:305–309, 1970
  • Lindberg, U.: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. V. The clinical course and response to treatment. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:718–724, 1975
  • Lindberg, U., Claësson, I., Hanson, L.Å. & Jodal, U.: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. I. Clinical and laboratory findings. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:425–431, 1975 a
  • Lindberg, U., Claësson, I., Hanson, L.Å. & Jodal, U.: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VIII. Clinical course during a 3-year follow-up. J Pediatr 92:194–199, 1978
  • Lindberg, U., Hanson, L.Å., Jodal, U., Lidin Janson, G., Lincoln, K. & Olling, S.: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. II. Differences in E.coli causing asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:432–436, 1975 b
  • Lindberg, U., Jodal, U., Hanson, L.Å. & Kaijser, B.: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. IV. Difficulties of level diagnosis and the possible relation to the character of infecting bacteria. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:574–580, 1975 c
  • Lindblad, B.S. & Ekengren, K.: The long term prognosis of non-obstructive urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood after the advent of sulphonamides. Acta Paediatr Scand 58:25–32, 1969
  • Lundholm, L., Mohme-Lundholm, E. & Vamos, N.: Lactic acid assay with L (+) lactic acid dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle. Acta physiol scand 58:243–249, 1963
  • McCarthy, M.: The hemolytic streptococci. In: Bacterial and Mycotic infections of Man. ed. R.J. Dubos and J. Hirsch. 4th edition. pp. 356–390. Lipincott, Philadelphia, 1965
  • McNeish, A.S., Flemming, J., Turner, P. & Evans, N.: Mucosal adherence of human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Lancet II:946–948, 1975
  • Michalek, S.M. & McGhee, J.R.: Effective immunity to dental caries: Passive transfer to rats of antibodies to Streptococcus mutans elicits protection. Infect Immun 17:644–650, 1977
  • Miller, T.E. & Creaghe, E.: Bacterial interference as a factor in renal infection. J Lab Clin Med 87:792–803, 1976
  • Moon, H.W., Nagy, B., Isaacson, R.E. & Ørskov, I.: Occurrence of K99 antigen on Escherichia coli isolated from pigs and colonization of pig ileum by K99+ enterotoxigenic E.coli from calves and pigs. Infect Immun 15:614–620, 1977
  • Mårdh, P.A. & Weström, L.: Adherence of bacteria to vaginal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 13:661–666, 1976
  • Nagy, B., Moon, H.W. & Isaacson, R.E.: Colonization of porcine intestine by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: Selection of piliated forms in vivo, adhesion of piliated forms to epithelial cells in vitro, and incidence of a pilus antigen among porcine enteropathogenic E.coli. Infect Immun 16:344–352, 1977
  • Norden, C.W., Green, G.M. & Kass, E.H.: Antibacterial mechanisms of the urinary bladder. J Clin Invest 47:2689–2700, 1968
  • Ofek, I., Mirelman, D. & Sharon, N.: Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors. Nature 265:623–625, 1977
  • Olling, S.: Sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli to serum bactericidal activity: A marker of the host-parasite relationship in acute and persisting infections. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 10:S1–S40, 1977
  • Olling, S., Hanson, L.Å., Holmgren, J., Jodal, U., Lincoln, K. & Lindberg, U.: The bactericidal effect of normal human serum of E.coli strains from normals and from patients with urinary tract infections. Infection 1:23–28, 1973
  • Ørskov, I., Ørskov, F., Jann, B. & Jann, K.: Serology, chemistry, and genetics of O and K antigens of Escherichia coli. Bacteriol Rev 41:667–710, 1977
  • Ørskov, F., Ørskov, I., Jann, B., Jann, K., Müller-Seitz, E. & Westphal, O.: Immunochemistry of Escherichia coli O antigens. Acta path microbiol scand 71:339–358, 1967
  • Ørskov, I., Ørskov, F., Smith, H.W. & Sojka, W.J.: The establishment of K99, a thermolabile transmissible Escherichia coli K antigen previously called “Kco” possessed by calf and lamb enteropathogenic strains. Acta path microbiol scand Sect B 83:31–36, 1975
  • Parsons, L.C., Greenspan, C. & Mulholland, S.G.: The primary antibacterial defence mechanism of the bladder. Invest Urol 13:72–76, 1975
  • Pasteur, L.: Examen du rôle attribué au gaz oxygène atmosphérique dans la destruction des matières animales et végétales après la mort. C.R. Acad Sci Paris 56:734–740, 1863
  • Pearce, W.A. & Buchanan, T.M.: Attachment role of gonococcal pili. J Clin Invest 61:931–943, 1978
  • Punsalang, A.P. & Sawyer, W.D.: Role of pili in the virulence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun 8:255–263, 1973
  • Rutter, J.M., Jones, G.W., Brown, G.T.H., Burrows, M.R. & Luther, P.D.: Antibacterial activity in colostrum and milk associated with protection of piglets against enteric disease caused by K88-positive Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 13:667–676, 1976
  • Salit, I.E. & Gotschlich, E.C.: Hemagglutination by purified type I Escherichia coli pili. J Exp Med 146:1169–1181, 1977 a
  • Salit, I.E. & Gotschlich, E.C.: Type I Escherichia coli pili: Characterization of binding to monkey kidney cells. J Exp Med 146:1182–1194, 1977 b
  • Savage, D.C.L.: Urinary tract infection in childhood. Scot Med J 16:263–272, 1971
  • Savage, D.C.: Survival on mucosal epithelia, epithelial penetration and growth in tissues of pathogenic bacteria. Symp Soc gen Microbiol 22:25–57, 1972
  • Scott, J.E.: Aliphatic ammonium salts in the assay of acidic polysaccharides from tissues. Methods Biochem Anal 8:145–197, 1960
  • Sellwood, R., Gibbons, R.A., Jones, G.W. & Rutter, J.M.: Adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to pig intestinal brush borders: The existence of two pig phenotypes. J Med Microbiol 8:405–411, 1975
  • Shedlovsky, S. & Freter, R.: Synergism between ecologic and immunologic control mechanisms of intestinal flora. J Infect Dis 129:296–303, 1974
  • Shrom, S.H., Parsons, C.L. & Mulholland, S.G.: Role of urothelial surface mucoprotein in intrinsic bladder defence. Urology IX:526–533, 1977
  • Silverblatt, F.J.: Host-parasite interaction in the rat renal pelvis. A possible role for pili in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis. J Exp Med 140:1696–1711, 1974
  • Silverblatt, F.J., Dreyer, J. & Schauer, S.: The effect of pili on susceptibility of E.coli to phagocytosis. Abstract. 16th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, 1976
  • Slots, J. & Gibbons, R.J.: Attachment of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus to oral surfaces and its possible role in colonization of the mouth and of periodontal pockets. Infect Immun 19:254–264, 1978
  • Smith, H.: Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity. Bacteriol Rev 41:475–500, 1977
  • Smith, H.W. & Halls, S.: Observations by the ligated intestinal segment and oral inoculation methods on Escherichia coli infections in pigs, calves, lambs and rabbits. J Path Bact 93:499–529, 1967
  • Smith, H.W. & Halls, S.: The production of oedema disease and diarrhoea in weaned pigs by the oral administration of Escherichia coli: Factors that influence the course of experimental disease. J Med Microbiol 1:45–59, 1968
  • Smith, H.W. & Linggood, M.A.: Further observations on Escherichia coli enterotoxins with particular regard to those produced by atypical piglet strains and by calf and lambs strains: The transmissible nature of these enterotoxins and of a K antigen possessed by calf and lamb strains. J Med Microbiol 5:243–250, 1972
  • Sobeslavsky, O., Prescott, B. & Chanock, R.M.: Adsorption of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid cell receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence. J Bacteriol 96:695–705, 1968
  • Sohl Åkerlund, A., Ahlstedt, S., Hanson, L.Å. & Jodal, U.: Urine and serum antibody responses against Escherichia coli O antigen in childhood urinary tract infection. Acta path microbiol scand Sect B, in press 1979
  • Sohl Åkerlund, A., Ahlstedt, S., Hanson, L.Å., Lindberg, U. & Olling, S.: Differences in antigenicity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with various forms of urinary tract infections. Int Arch Allergy 55:458–467, 1977 a
  • Sohl Åkerlund, A., Hanson, L.Å., Ahlstedt, S. & Carlsson, B.: A sensitive method for specific quantitation of secretory IgA. Scand J Immunol 6:1275–1282, 1977 b
  • Staley, T.E., Jones, E.W. & Corley, L.D.: Attachment and penetration of Escherichia coli into intestinal epithelium of the ileum in newborn pigs. Amer J Pathol 56:371–392, 1969
  • Stainer, R.Y., Palleroni, N.J. & Duodoroff, M.: The aerobic pseudomonas; a taxonomic study. J Med Microbiol 43:159–271, 1966
  • Stamey, T.A. & Sexton, C.C.: The role of vaginal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary infections. J Urol 113:214–217, 1975
  • Stamey, T.A., Timothy, M., Miller, M. & Mihara, G.: Recurrent urinary infections in adult women. The role of introital enterobacteria. Calif Med 115:1–19, 1971
  • Stirm, S., Ørskov, F., Ørskov, I. & Birch-Andersen, A.: Episome-carried surface antigen K88 of Escherichia coli. III. Morphology. J Bacteriol 93:740–748, 1967
  • Ström, J.: Cytology of the urine in healthy persons and cytological reactions in acute infection. Scand J Infect Dis 5:209–228, 1973
  • Suegara, N., Morotomi, M., Watnabe, T., Kawai, Y. & Mutai, M.: Behavior of microflora in the rat stomach: Adhesion of lactobacilli to the keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach in vitro. Infect Immun 12:173–179, 1975
  • Svanborg Edén, C., Lidin Janson, G. & Lindberg, U.: Adhesion to human urinary tract epithelial cells of faecal and urinary E.coli isolates from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections or asymptomatic bacteriuria of varying duration. J Urol (in press), 1979
  • Svennerholm, A-M. & Holmgren, J.: Immunoglobulin and specific antibody synthesis in vitro by enteral and non enteral lymphoid tissues after subcutaneous cholera immunization. Infect Immun 15:360–369, 1977
  • Svennerholm, A.-M., Holmgren, J., Hanson, L.Å., Lindblad, B.S., Quereshi, F. & Rahimtoola, R.J.: Boosting of secretory IgA antibody responses in man by parenteral cholera vaccination. Scand J Immunol 6:1345–1349, 1977
  • Swanson, J., Kraus, S.J. & Gotschlich, E.C.: Studies on gonococcus infection. I. Pili and zones of adhesion: Their relation to gonococcal growth patterns. J Exp Med 134:886–906, 1971
  • Swanson, J., Sparks, E., Young, D. & King, G.: Studies on gonococcus infection. X. Pili and leucocyte association factor as mediators of interactions between gonococci and eucaryotic cells in vitro. Infect Immun 11:1352–1361, 1975
  • Takeuchi, A.: Electron microscope studies of experimental Salmonella infection. I. Penetration into the intestinal epithelium by Salmonella typhimurium. Amer J Pathol 50:109–136, 1967
  • Taubman, M.A. & Smith, D.J.: Effects of local immunization with Streptococcus mutans on induction of salivary immunoglobulin A antibody and experimental dental caries in rats. Infect Immun 9:1079–1091, 1974
  • Tomasi, T.B. & Czerwinski, D.S.: The secretory IgA system. In: Immunologic Deficiency Diseases in Man. ed. D. Bergsma and R.A. Good. Vol. IV. p. 270–282, 1968
  • Tomasi, T.B. & Grey, H.M.: Structure and function of immunoglobulin A. Progr Allergy 16:81–213, 1972
  • Tomasi, T.B. & Zigelbaum, S.D.: The excretion of gammaglobulins in human saliva, colostrum and urine. Arthr and Rheum 5:662–663, 1962
  • Tourville, D., Bienenstock, J. & Tomasi, T.B.: Natural antibodies of human serum, saliva and urine reactive with Escherichia coli. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 128:722–727, 1968
  • Tramont, E.C.: Inhibition of adherence of N. gonorrhoeae by human genital secretions. J Clin Invest 59:117–124, 1977
  • Turck, M., Petersdorf, R.G. & Fournier, M.R.: The epidemiology of non-enteric Escherichia coli infections: Prevalence of serologic groups. J Clin Invest 41:1760–1765, 1962
  • Uehling, D.T., Mitzutani, K. & Balish, E.: Effect of immunization on bacterial adherence to urothelium. Invest Urol (submitted), 1978
  • Vahlne, G.: Serologic typing of the colon bacteria, with special reference to the occurrence of E.coli in man under normal and pathological conditions, particularly in appendicitis. Acta path microbiol scand Suppl 62:1–127, 1945
  • Vosti, K.L., Goldberg, L.M., Monto, A.S. & Rantz, L.A.: Host parasite interaction in patients with infections due to E.coli. I. The serogrouping of E.coli from intestinal and extraintestinal sources. J Clin Invest 43:2377–2385, 1964
  • Waldman, R.H. & Ganguly, R.: Immunity to infections on secretory surfaces. J Infect Dis 130:419–440, 1974
  • Ward, M.E. & Watt, P.J.: Adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to urethral mucosal cells: An electron-microscopic study of human gonorrhoea. J Infect Dis 126:601–605, 1972
  • Ward, M.E. & Watt, P.J.: Studies on the cell biology of Gonorrhoea. In: Genital infections and their complications. ed. D. Danielsson, L. Juhlin and P.-A. Mårdh. pp. 229–242. Almqvist and Wiksell International, Stockholm, 1975
  • Ward, M.E., Watt, P.J. & Robertson, J.N.: The human fallopian tube: A laboratory model for gonococcal infection. J Infect Dis 129:650–659, 1974
  • Williams, R.C. & Gibbons, R.J.: Inhibition of bacterial adherence by secretory immunoglobulin A: A mechanism of antigenic disposal. Science 177:697–699, 1972
  • Wilson, M.R. & Hohmann, A.W.: Immunity to Escherichia coli in pigs: Adhesion of enteropathogenic E.coli to isolated intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 10:776–782, 1974
  • Winberg, J., Andersen, H.J., Bergström, T., Jacobsson, B., Larsson, H. & Lincoln, K.: Epidemiology of symptomatic urinary tract infection in childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 252:1–20, 1974
  • Yokochi, T., Nakashima, I. & Kato, N.: Effect of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on the differentiation and functional capacity of macrophages cultured in vitro. Microbiol Immunol 21:601–610, 1977
  • Zobell, C.E.: The effect of solid surfaces on bacterial activity. J Bacteriol 46:39–56, 1943

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.