Macrophages that have phagocytosed particles are capable of differentiating into functional osteoclasts

References

• Suda T, Takahashi N, Martin TJ. Modulation of osteoclast differ-entiation. Endocrine Rev 1992;13:66–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Akatsu T, Tanaka H, Sasaki T, Nishihara T, et al. Origin of the osteoclast: mature monocytes and macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts under a suitable microenvironment prepared by bone marrow derived cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:7260–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujikawa Y, Quinn JMW, Sabokbar AS, McGee JOD, Athanasou NA. The human mononuclear osteoclast precursor circulates in the monocyte fraction. Endocrinology 1996;137:4058–60.
   Google Scholar
• Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Mochizuki S-I, et al. Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/osteodastogenesis-inhibitory factor and identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:3597–602.
   Google Scholar
• Lacy DL, Timms E, Tan H-L, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, et al. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 1998;93:165–76.
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa N, Kinosaki M, Yamaguchi K, Shima N, Yasuda H, Yano K, et al. RANK is the essential signaling receptor for osteo-clast differentiation factor in osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;253:395–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu H, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Solovyev I, Colombero A, Timms E, et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:5340–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quinn JMW, Elliott J, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ. A combination of osteoclast differentiation factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor is sufficient for both human and mouse osteoclast forma-tion in vitro. Endocrinology 1998;139:4424–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuzaki K, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Yamaguchi K, Yasuda H, 20. Shima N, et al. Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) induces osteoclast-like cell formation in human peripheral blood mono-nuclear cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;246: 21. 199–204.
   Google Scholar
• Shalhoub V, Faust J, Boyle WJ, Dunstan CR, Kelley M, Kaufman S, et al. Osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand effects on 22. osteoclast formation from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell precursors. J Cell Biochem 1999;72:251–61.
   Google Scholar
• Revell PA. Tissue reaction to joint prosthses and the products of 23. wear and corrosion. In: Berry C, editor. Current topics in pathol-ogy. Berlin: Springer; 1982. p. 73–101.
   Google Scholar
• Forest M, Carlioz A, Vacher Lavenu MC, Postel M, Kerboull M, Tomeno B, et al. Histologic patterns of bone and articular tissues 24. after orthopaedic reconstructive surgery (artificial joint implamts). Pathol Res Pract 1991;127:55–60.
   Google Scholar
• Harris WH. Osteolysis and particle disease in hip replacements (a review). Acta Orthop Scand 1994;65:113-23.25.
   Google Scholar
• Harris WH. The problem is osteolysis. Clin Orthop 1995;311:46-53.26.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman SB, Chin RC. Prostaglandin E2 levels in the membrane surrounding bulk and particulate polymethylmethacrylate in the 27. rabbit tibia: a preliminary study. Clin Orthop 1990;257: 305–9.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman SB, Chris RC, Chiou SS, Schurman DJ, Woolson ST, 28. Masada MP. A clinical-pathological-biochemical study of the membrane surrounding loosened and non loosened total hip ar-throplasties. Clin Orthop 1989;244:182–7.
   Google Scholar
• Murray DW, and Rushton N. Macrophages stimulate bone resorp- 29. tion when they phagocytose particles. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1990;72–B:988–92.
   Google Scholar
• Jiranek WA, Machado M, Jasty M, Jevsevar D, Wolfe HJ, 30. Goldring SR, et al. Production of cytokines around loosened ce-mented acetabular components. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1993;75–A:863–79.31.
   Google Scholar
• Kim KJ, Rubash HE, Wilson SC, D'Antonio JA, McClain EJ. A histologic and biochemical comparison of the interface tissues in cementless and cemented hip prostheses. Clin Orthop 1993;287: 142–52.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn JM, Joyner C, Triffitt JT, Athanasou NA. PMMA-induced inflammatory macrophages resorb bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1992;74–B:652–8.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn JMW, Sabokbar A, Athanasou NA. Cells of the mono-nuclear phagocyte series differentiate into osteoclastic lacunar bone resorbing cells. J Pathol 1996;179:106–11.
   Google Scholar
• Sabokbar A, Fujikawa Y, Neale S, Murray DW, Athanasou NA. Human arthroplasty macrophages differentiate into osteoclastic bone resorbing cells. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:414–20.
   Google Scholar
• Itonaga I, Sabokbar A, Murray DW, Athanasou NA. Effect of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand on osteoclast forma-tion by arthroplasty membrane derived macrophages. Ann Rheum Dis 2000;59:26–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neale SD, Haynes DR, Howie DW, Murray DW, Athanasou NA. The effect of particle phagocytosis and metallic wear particles on osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. J Arthroplasty 2000;15:654–62.
   Google Scholar
• Nathan CF. Secretory products of macrophages. J Clin Invest 1987;79:319–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gothlin G, Ericsson JLE. The osteoclast: review of origin, struc-ture-function relationship. Clin Orthop 1976;120:201–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chambers TJ. The cellular basis of bone resorption. Clin Orthop 1980;151:284–94.
   Google Scholar
• Athanasou NA, Quinn J. Immunophenotypic differences between osteoclasts and macrophage polykaryons: immunohistological dis-tinction and implications for osteodast ontogeny and function. J Clin Pathol 1990;43:997–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Ferguson DJP, Quinn JMW, Simpson AHRW, Athanasou NA. Osteodasts are capable of particle phagocytosis and bone resorption. J Pathol 1997;182:92–8.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn JM, McGee JO, Athanasou NA. Human tumour-associated macrophages differentiate into osteoclastic bone-resorbing cells. J Pathol 1998;184:31–6.
   Google Scholar
• Itonaga I, Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, DW Murray Athanasou NA. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophage-osteoclast differentia-tion is osteoprotegerin ligand-dependent. J Pathol. 2000;192:97–104.
   Google Scholar