Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with an autoantibody to ADAMTS13 complicating Sjögren’s syndrome: two cases and a literature review

REFERENCES

• Remuzzi G. HUS and TTP. Variable expression of a single entity. Kidney Int. 1987;32:292–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujikawa K, Suzuki H, McMullen B, Chung D. Purification of human von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease and its identifi-cation as a new member of the metalloproteinase family. Blood. 2001;98:1662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy GG, Motto DG, Ginsburg D. ADAMTS13 turns 3. Blood. 2005;106: 11.
   Google Scholar
• Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P. The hemolytic uremic syndrome. Kidney Int. 1995;48:2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chow TW, Turner NA, Chintagumpala M, et al. Increased von Willebrand factor binding to platelets in single episode and recurrent types of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol. 1998;57:293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai HM, Lian EC. Antibodies to von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy GG, Nichols WC, Lian EC, et al. Mutations in a member of the ADAMTS gene family cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Nature. 2001;413:488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licht C, Stapenhorst L, Simon T, et al. Two novel ADAMTS13 gene mutations in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemo-lytic-uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS). Kidney Int. 2004;66:955.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng XL, Kaufman RM, Goodnough LT, Sadler JE. Effect of plasma exchange on plasma ADAMTS13 metalloprotease activ-ity, inhibitor level, and clinical outcome in patients with idio-pathic and nonidiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 2004;103:4043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieger M, Mannucci PM. Kremer Hovinga JA, et al. ADAMTS13 autoantibodies in patients with thrombotic microangiopathies and other immunomediated diseases. Blood. 2005;106:1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Casals M, Tzioufas AG, Font J. Primary Sjögren's syn-drome: new clinical and therapeutic concepts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:347.
   Google Scholar
• Theander E, Jacobsson LT. Relationship of Sjögren's syndrome to other connective tissue and autoimmune disorders. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34:935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson CE, Damon LE, Ries CA, Linker CA. Thrombotic microangiopathies in the 1980s: clinical features, response to treatment, and the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Blood. 1992;80:1890–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasper CK, Pool JG. Letter: measurement of mild factor VIII inhibitors in Bethesda units. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975;34:875–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kato S, Matsumoto M, Matsuyama T, Isonishi A, Hiura H, Fujimura Y. Novel monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immu-noassay for determining plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity. Transfusion. 2006;46:1444–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierangeli SS, Harris EN. Clinical laboratory testing for the antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2005;357:17–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parker Levine S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other forms of nonimmunologic platelet destruction. In:Wintrobe's clinical hematology, 10th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 1612–22.
   Google Scholar
• Caramaschi P, Riccetti MM, Pasini AF, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Lupus. 1998;7:37–41.
   Google Scholar
• Brunner HI, Freedman M, Silverman ED. Close relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic throm-bocytopenia purpura in childhood. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:2346–55.
   Google Scholar
• Towheed TE, Anastassiades TP, Ford SE, Ford PM, Lee P. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as an initial presentation of limited systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:1613–6.
   Google Scholar
• Hovinga JA, Vesely SK, Terrell DR, et al. Survival and relapse in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 2010;115:1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga T, Yamasaki S, Nakamura H, Kawakami A, Furusu A, Taguchi T, Eguchi K. Renal thrombotic microangiopathies/ thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with IgM monoclonal gam-mopathy of undetermined significance. Rheumatol Int. 2010. (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Schattner A, Friedman J, Klepfish A. Thrombotic thrombocyto-penic purpura as an initial presentation of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2002;21:57–9.
   Google Scholar
• Settefrati N, Bonomini M, Lodi M, D'Andrea T, Angelone A, Amoroso L, Palmieri PF, Albertazzi A. Sjögren's syndrome associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome as the presenting clinical manifestation. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 1996;11:2316–9.
   Google Scholar
• Abe H, Tsuboi N, Yukawa S, Tsuji S, Hayashi H, Yukawa N, Takanashi H, Tahara K, Tonozuka N, Hayashi T. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating Sjögren's syndrome with crescentic glomerulonephritis and membranous nephritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2004;14:174–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell GN, Gallo JH. Relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in Sjögren's syndrome. Aust N Z J Med. 1998;28:214.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noda M, Kitagawa M, Tomoda F, Iida H. Thrombotic throm-bocytopenic purpura as a complicating factor in a case of poly-myositis and Sjögren's syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;94:217–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg AD, Green WT Jr, Talal N. Thrombotic thrombocy-topenic purpura complicating Sjögren's syndrome. JAMA. 1971;215:757–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agapitos E, Pavlopoulos PM, Vaiopoulos G, Davaris P. Primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;25:263–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George JN. Clinical practice. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng XL, Kaufman RM, Goodnough LT, Sadler JE. Effect of plasma exchange on plasma ADAMTS13 metalloprotease activ-ity, inhibitor level, and clinical outcome in patients with idio-pathic and nonidiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood. 2004;103:4043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eknoyan G, Riggs SA. Renal involvement in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Nephrol. 1986;6:117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert LA, Cosio FG, Neff JC. Diagnostic significance of hypocomplementemia. Kidney Int. 1991;39:811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns ER, Zucker-Franklin D. Pathologic effects of plasma from patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura on platelets and cultured vascular endothelial cells. Blood. 1982;60:1030–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman JD, Mardiney MR, Unanue ER, Cutting H. The vascular pathology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: an immu-nohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Lab Invest. 1966;15:927–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P, Bertani T. Thrombotic microangiop-athy. In: Tisher CC, Brenner BM, editors. Renal pathology: with clinical and functional correlations. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lip-pincott; 1994. p. 1162–4.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman I, Schwartz D, Caspi D, Paran D. Sjögren's syndrome—not just Sicca: renal involvement in Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37:213–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar