Economic consequence of switching to citalopram after its generic entry for adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with escitalopram: a 6-month retrospective study

References

• The National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report: Depression among adults, November 2005 Available at: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k5/depression/depression.pdf Accessed on October 1, 2009
   Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498-1504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judd LL. The clinical course of unipolar major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:989-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA 2003;289:3095-105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg PE, Kessler RC, Birnbaum HG, et al. The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1465-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weilburg JB. An overview of SSRI and SNRI therapies for depression. Manag Care 2004;13:25-33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panzarino PJ, JrNash DB. Cost-effective treatment of depression with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Manag Care 2001;7:173-184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank L, Revicki DA, Sorensen SV, et al. The economics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression: a critical review. CNS Drugs 2001;15:59-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peveler R, Kendrick T, Buxton M, et al. A randomised controlled trial to compare the cost-effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lofepramine. Health Technol Assess 2005;9:1-134, iii
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revicki DA, Simon GE, Chan K, et al. Depression, health-related quality of life, and medical cost outcomes of receiving recommended levels of antidepressant treatment. J Fam Pract 1998;47:446-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipriani A, Santilli C, Furukawa TA, et al. Escitalopram versus other antidepressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009:CD006532
   Google Scholar
• Kasper S, Sacher J, Klein N, et al. Differences in the dynamics of serotonin reuptake transporter occupancy may explain superior clinical efficacy of escitalopram versus citalopram. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;24:119-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez C, Bøgesø KP, Ebert B, et al. Escitalopram versus citalopram: the surprising role of the R-enantiomer. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;174:163-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guideline watch: Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, 2nd edn. Available at: http://www.psychiatryonline.com/pracGuide/pracGuideTopic_7.aspx. Accessed on October 1, 2009
   Google Scholar
• Celexa package insert, available at http://www.frx.com/pi/celexa_pi.pdf. Accessed on October 1, 2009
   Google Scholar
• Wu EQ, Greenberg PE, Yang E, et al. Treatment persistence, healthcare utilisation and costs in adult patients with major depressive disorder: a comparison between escitalopram and other SSRI/SNRIs. J Med Econ 2009;12:124-35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burke WJ, Gergel I, Bose A. Fixed-dose trial of the single isomer SSRI escitalopram in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:331-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepola UM, Loft H, Reines EH. Escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:211-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch D, Keam SJ. Spotlight on escitalopram in the management of major depressive disorder. CNS Drugs 2006;20:167-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin DS, Reines EH, Guiton C, et al. Escitalopram therapy for major depression and anxiety disorders. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1583-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin DS. Escitalopram: efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of depression. Hosp Med 2002;63:668-71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorman JM, Korotzer A, Su G. Efficacy comparison of escitalopram and citalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder: pooled analysis of placebo-controlled trials. CNS Spectr 2002;7:40-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam RW, Andersen HF. The influence of baseline severity on efficacy of escitalopram and citalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an extended analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006;39:180-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepola U, Wade A, Andersen HF. Do equivalent doses of escitalopram and citalopram have similar efficacy? A pooled analysis of two positive placebo-controlled studies in major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;19:149-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore N, Verdoux H, Fantino B. Prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of escitalopram versus citalopram in outpatient treatment of major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;20:131-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 2009;373:746-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantino B, Moore N, Verdoux H, et al. Cost-effectiveness of escitalopram vs. citalopram in major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;22:107-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade AG, Toumi I, Hemels ME. A probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram, generic citalopram and venlafaxine as a first-line treatment of major depressive disorder in the UK. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:631-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen J, Stage KB, Damsbo N, et al. A Danish cost-effectiveness model of escitalopram in comparison with citalopram and venlafaxine as first-line treatments for major depressive disorder in primary care. Nord J Psychiatry 2007;61:100-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan PW, Valuck R, Saseen J, et al. A comparison of the direct costs and cost effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and associated adverse drug reactions. CNS Drugs 2004;18:911-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg PE. Does generic substitution always make sense? J Med Econ 2008;11:547-53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blier P. Brand versus generic medications: the money, the patient and the research. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2003;28:167-8
   Google Scholar
• Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, et al. Symptom relapse following switch from Celexa to generic citalopram: an anxiety disorders case series. J Psychopharmacol 2007;21:472-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mofsen R, Balter J. Case reports of the reemergence of psychotic symptoms after conversion from brand-name clozapine to a generic formulation. Clin Ther 2001;23:1720-3171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgheini G. The bioequivalence and therapeutic efficacy of generic versus brand-name psychoactive drugs. Clin Ther 2003;25:1578-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauzon V, Kaltenboek A, Yu AP, et al. The economic impact of generic switching for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with escitalopram or a patented SSRI. Presented at ISPOR 14th Annual International Meeting. Value Health 2009;12:A179
   Google Scholar
• Panzer PE, Regan TS, Chiao E, et al. Implications of an SSRI generic step therapy pharmacy benefit design: an economic model in anxiety disorders. Am J Manag Care 2005;11:S370-9
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin TP, Eaddy MT, Grudzinski AN. A claims analysis comparing citalopram with sertraline as initial pharmacotherapy for a new episode of depression: impact on depression-related treatment charges. Clin Ther 2004;26:115-24
   Google Scholar