A cost analysis of the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children in the UK

References

• Cantwell D. Attention deficit disorder: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1996; 35: 978–986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scahill L, Schwab-Stone M. Epidemiology of ADHD in school-age children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2000; 9: 541–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhill LL. Diagnosing attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998; 59 (Suppl. 7): 31–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkley RA. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 2nd edn. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Tannock R. ADHD; Advances in cognitive, neurobiological and genetic research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1998; 39: 65–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mash EJ, Johnston C. Determinants of parenting stress: Illustrations from families of hyperactive children and families of physically abused children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 1990; 19: 313–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy KR, Barkley RA. Parents of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Psychological and attentional impairment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1996; 66: 93–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene RW, Biederman J, Faraone SV et al. Toward a new psychometric definition of social disability in children with attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1996; 35: 571–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MA, Szumowski E, Blondis TA et al. Adaptive skills dysfunction in ADD and ADHD children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1995; 36: 663–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibson CL, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ et al. Use and costs of medical care for children and adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Medical Association 2001; 285: 60–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor EJ, Sergeant J, Doepfner M et al. Clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder. European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1998; 7: 184–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AAP. Clinical practice guideline: Treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 1033–1044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIGN. Attention-deficit and hyperkinetic disorders in children and young people. A national clinical guideline. No. 52. Edinburgh, UK, 2001. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Technology Appraisal Guidance No. 13: Guidance on the use of methylphenidate (Ritalin, Equasym) for attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• MTA. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the multimodal treatment study for children with ADHD. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 1073–1086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson J, Gupta S, Guinta D et al. Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1999; 66: 295–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burrows-Maclean L et al. Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics 2001; 107: e105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolraich ML, Greenhill LL, Pelham W et al. Randomized, controlled trial of OROS® methylphenidate once a day in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 883–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson J, Gupta S, Lam A et al. Development of a new once-a-day formulation of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 2003; 60: 203–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord J, Paisley S. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methylphenidate for hyperactivity in childhood. National Institute of Clinical Excellence, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Evans C, Crawford B. Expert judgement in pharmacoeconomic studies. Guidance and future use. Pharmacoeconomics 2000; 17: 545–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British National Formulary 43. London: British Medical Association and the British Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, March 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Barkley RA. Defiant Children: A Clinicians’s Manual for Parent Training. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Forehand R, MacMahon R. Helping The Noncompliant Child: A Clinician’s Guide to Parent Training. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Pelham WE, Hoza B. Comprehensive treatment for ADHD: a proposal for intensive summer treatment programs and outpatient follow-up. In: Hibbs E, Jensen P (Eds). Psychosicial Treatment Research of Child and Adolescent Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996: 311–340.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson J, Kraemer HC, Hinshaw AP et al. Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: Success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2001; 40: 168–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens TE, Pelham W, Stein M et al. ADHD treatment with once-daily OROS methylphenidate: interim 12-month results from a long-term open label study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2003; 42: 424–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONCERTA ® XL Summary of Product Characteristics: www.janssen-cilag.co.uk
   Google Scholar
• Brown R, Freeman W, Perrin J et al. Prevalence and assessment of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary care settings. Pediatrics 2001; 107: e43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore A, Milne R. Methylphenidate in children with hyperactivity: review and cost-utility analysis. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2001: 10: 85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetti A, Magar R, Lau H et al. Pharmacotherapies for attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: expected cost- analysis. Clinical Therapeutics 2001: 23: 1904–1921.
   Google Scholar
• Buck ML. Methylphenidate: new information and new options. Pediatric Pharmacotherapy 2002; 8: 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson J, Wigal S, Lerner M and the UCI Concerta Study. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of OROS® (methylphenidate HCl) with methylphenidate tid and placebo in children with ADHD. Pediatric Academic Society and American Academy of Pediatrics. Joint meeting, 12–16 May, 2000.
   Google Scholar