498
Views
94
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Variations in Speciated Emissions from Spark-Ignition and Compression-Ignition Motor Vehicles in California’s South Coast Air Basin

, , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 705-720 | Published online: 24 Feb 2012

References

  • Janssen, N.A.; Swartz, J.; Zanobetti, A.; Suh, H.H. Air Conditioning and Source-Specific Particles as Modifiers of the Effect of PM10 on Hospital Admissions for Heart and Lung Disease; Environ. Health Perspect. 2002, 110, 43–49.
  • Laden, F.; Neas, L.M.; Dockery, D.W.; Schwartz, J. Association of Fine Particulate Matter from Different Sources with Daily Mortality in Six U.S. Cities; Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108, 941–947.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Rogge, W.F.; Mazurek, M.A.; Hildemann, L.M.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Source Apportionment of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Organic Compounds as Tracers; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 3837–3855.
  • Sagebiel, J.C.; Zielinska, B.; Walsh, P.A.; Chow, J.C.; Cadle, S.H.; Mulawa, P.; Knapp, K.T.; Zweidinger, R.B. Snow, R. PM-10 Exhaust Samples Collected during IM-240 Dynamometer Tests of In-Service Vehicles in Nevada; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 75–83.
  • Watson, J.; Fujita, E.; Chow, J.C.; Zielinska, B.; Richards, L.; Neff, W.; Dietrich, D. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study; Final report prepared for Colorado State University: Fort Collins, CO, 1998.
  • Fujita, E.; Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Robinson, N.; Richards, L.; Kumar, N. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study. Volume C: Source Apportionment and Simulation Methods and Evaluation; Final Report Prepared for Colorado State University: Fort Collins, CO, 1998.
  • Zielinska, B.; McDonald, J.; Hayes, T.; Chow, J.C.; Fujita, E.M.; Watson J.G. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study, Volume B: Source Measurements. Final report prepared for Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, by Desert Research Institute: Reno, NV, 1998.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Measurement of Emission from Air Pollution Sources. 3. C-1 through C-30 Organic Compounds from Medium Duty Diesel Trucks; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 1578–1587.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Measurement of Emission from Air Pollution Sources. 5. C-1 through C-30 Organic Compounds from Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1169–1180.
  • Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.; McDonald, J.D.; Whitney, K.; Lawson, D.R.Emission Rates and Comparative Chemical Composition from Selected In-Use Diesel and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54, 1138–1150.
  • Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.C. Arnott, W.P.; Rogers, C.F.; Kelly, K.E.; Wagner, D.A.; Lightly, J.S.; Sarofim, A.F.; Palmer, G. Phase and Size Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel and Gasoline Vehicle Emissions; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 2557–2567.
  • Lev-On, M.; LeTavec, C.; Uihlein, J.; Kimura, K.; Alleman, T. L.; Lawson, D. R.; Vertin, K;. Thompson, G. J.; Clark, N.; Gautam, M.; Wayne, S.; Okamoto, R.; Rieger, P.; Yee, G.; Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.; Chatter-jeee, S.; Hallstrom K. Chemical Speciation of Exhaust Emissions from Trucks and Buses Fueled on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel and CNG; SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0432; Society of Automotive Engineers: Warren-dale, PA, 2002.
  • Maricq, M.M.; Podsiadlik, D.H.; Chase, R.E. Examination of the Size-Resolved and Transient Nature of Motor Vehicle Particle Emissions; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 1618–1628.
  • Cadle, S.H.; Mulawa, P.; Groblicki, P.; Laroo, C.; Ragazzi, R.; Nelson, K.; Gallagher, G.; Zielinska, B. In-Use Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions on Three Driving Cycles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 26–32.
  • Cadle, S.H.; Mulawa, P.; Ball, J.; Donase, C.; Weibel, A.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Knapp, K.T.; and Snow, R. Particulate Emission Rates from In-Use High-Emitting Vehicles Recruited in Orange County, California; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 3405–3412.
  • Mazzoleni, C.; Moosmüller, H.; Kuhns, H.D.; Keislar, R.E.; Barber, P.W.; Nikolic, D.; Nussbaum, N.J.; Watson, J.G. Correlation between Automotive CO, HC, NO, and PM Emission Factors from On-Road Remote Sensing: Implications for Inspection and Maintenance Programs; Transport. Res. 2004, D9, 477–496.
  • Fujita, E.M.; Zielinska, B.; Arnott, W.P.; Campbell, D.E.; Rinehart, L.; Sagebiel, J.C.; Chow J.C. Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study: Source and Ambient Sampling, Chemical Analysis, and Apportionment Phase; Final report submitted to U.S. Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2006.
  • Fujita, E.M.; Campbell D.E.; Arnott W.P.; Chow, J.C; Zielinska B. Evaluations of Source Apportionment Methods for Determining Contributions of Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust to Ambient Carbonaceous Aerosols; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2007, 57, 721–740.
  • Gabele, P. Support of the Gasoline/Diesel Particulate Matter Split Study; Final Report Submitted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to Department of Energy through Interagency Agreement (IAG) No. DEAI04-2001AL67138; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, March 17, 2002.
  • Clark N.N.; Wayne, W.S.; Nine, R.D.; Lyons D.W.; Thompson, G. Gasoline-Diesel PM Split Study: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Collection Phase; Final report submitted by West Virginia University Research Corporation to Department of Energy through NREL Subcontract ACL-1-31043-01, September 23, 2002.
  • Chang, M.C.; Yi, S.M.; Hopke, P.K.; England, G.C.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G. Measurement of Ultrafine Particle Size Distributions from Coal-, Oil-, and Gas-Fired Stationary Combustion Sources; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54, 1494–1505.
  • Hildemann, L.M.; Cass, G.R.; Markowski, G.R. A Dilution Stack Sampler for Collection of Organic Aerosol Emissions: Design, Characterization and Field Tests; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1989, 10, 193–204.
  • Fitz, D.R.; Chow, J.M.; Zielinska, B. Development of a Gas and Particulate Matter Organic Speciation Profile Data Base; Final report prepared for San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency: Fresno, CA, 2003.
  • Arnott, W.P.; Moosmüller, H.; Rogers, C.F.; Jin, T.; Bruch, R. Photo-acoustic Spectrometer for Measuring Light Absorption by Aerosols: Instrument Description; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2845–2852.
  • Arnott, W.P.; Moosmüller, H.; Walker, J.W. Nitrogen Dioxide and Kerosene-Flame Soot Calibration of Photoacoustic Instruments for Measurement of Light Absorption by Aerosols; Rev. Sci. Instruments 2000, 71, 4545–4552.
  • Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Frazier, C.A. X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ambient Air Samples. In Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles, Vol. 1; Landsberger, S.; Creatchman, M., Eds.; Gordon and Breach Science: Fresno, CA, 1999; pp 67–96.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Pritchett, L.C.; Pierson, W.R.; Frazier, C.A.; Purcell, R.G. The Dri Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1185–1201.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Crow, D.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Merrifield, T. Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 23–34.
  • Peterson, M.R.; Richards, M.H. Thermal-Optical-Transmittance Analysis for Organic, Elemental, Carbonate, Total Carbon, and OCX2 in PM2.5 by the EPA/NIOSH Method. In Proceedings, Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology-2002, Winegar, E.D., Tropp, R.J., Eds.; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 2002; pp 83-1-83–19.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Chen, L.W.A., Arnott, W.P.; Moosmuller, H.; Fung, K. Equivalence of Elemental Carbon by Thermal/Optical Reflectance and Transmittance with Different Temperature Protocol; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4414–4422.
  • Chen, L.-W.A.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Moosmüller, H.; Arnott, W.P. Modeling Reflectance and Transmittance of Quartz-Fiber Filter Samples Containing Elemental Carbon Particles: Implications for Thermal/Optical Analysis; J. Aerosol Sci. 2004, 35, 765–780.
  • Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Chen, L-W. A Summary of Organic and Elemental Carbon/Black Carbon Analysis Methods and Intercompari-sons; Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2005, 5, 69–102.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Chen, L.W.A., Paredes-Miranda, G.; Chang, M.C.; Trimble, D.; Fung, K.K.; Zhang, J.; Yu, J.Z. Refining Temperature Measures in Thermal/Optical Carbon Analysis; Atmos. Chem. Physics Discuss. 2005, 5, 4477–4505.
  • Wang, Z.; Fingas, M.; Li, K. Fractionation of a Light Crude Oil and Identification and Quantification of Aliphatic, Aromatic, and Biomarker Compounds by GC-FID and GC-MS, Part I; J. Chromatograph. Sci. 1994, 32, 361–366.
  • Wang, Z.; Fingas, M.; Li, K. Fractionation of a Light Crude Oil and Identification and Quantification of Aliphatic, Aromatic, and Biomarker Compounds by GC-FID and GC-MS. Part II; J. Chromatograph. Sci. 1994, 32, 367–382.
  • Rinehart, L.R.; Fujita, E.M.; Chow, J.C.; Magliano, K.; Zielinska, B. Spatial Distribution of PM2 . 5 Associated Organic Compounds in Central California; Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 290–303.
  • Rinehart, L.R. Fujita E.M.; Chow J.C.; Zielinska, B. Spatial Distribution of PM2.5 Associated Organic Compounds in the San Joaquin Valley.Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 290–303.
  • Simoneit, B.R.T. Application of Molecular Marker Analysis to Vehicular Exhaust for Source Reconciliation; Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1985, 22, 203–233.
  • Rogge, W.F.; Hildemann, L.M.; Mazurek, M.A.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Sources of Fine Organic Aerosol 2. Noncatalyst and Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles and Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 636–651.
  • Fraser, M.P.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Organic Compounds Emitted from Motor Vehicle Traffic in a Los Angeles Roadway Tunnel; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 2051–2060.
  • Miguel, A.H.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Harley, R.A.; Hering, S.V. On-Road Emissions of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Black Carbon Soot from Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 450–455.
  • Fraser, M.P.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Particle-Phase Organic Compounds Emitted from Motor Vehicle Exhaust and in Urban Atmosphere; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2715–2724.
  • Chebbi, A.; Carlier, P. Carboxylic Acids in the Troposphere, Occurrence, Sources, and Sinks: a Review; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 4233–4249.
  • Grosjean, D.; Seinfeld, J.H. Parameterization of the Formation Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosols; Atmos. Environ. 1989, 23, 1733–1747.
  • Kawamura, K.; Gagosian, R.B. Implications of Omega-Oxocarboxylic Acids in the Remote Marine Atmosphere for Photooxidation of Un-saturated Fatty-Acids; Nature 1987, 325, 330–332.
  • Kawamura, K.; Kasukabe, H.; Barrie, L.A. Source and Reaction Pathways of Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketoacids and Dicarbonyls in Arctic Aerosols: One Year of Observations; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 1709–1722.
  • Keywood, M.D.; Kroll, J.H.; Varutbangkul, V.; Bahreini, R.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Cyclohexene Ozonolysis: Effect of OH Scavenger and the Role of Radical Chemistry; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 3343–3350.
  • Keywood, M.D.; Varutbangkul, V.; Bahreini, R.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Ozonolysis of Cycloalkenes and Related Compounds; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4157–4164.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.