Spatial Modeling for Air Pollution Monitoring Network Design: Example of Residential Woodsmoke

References

• Cyrys, J.; Heinrich, J.; Brauer, M.; Wichmann, H.E. Spatial Variability of Acidic Aerosols Sulfater and PM10 in Erfurt Eastern Germany; J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 1998, 8, 447–464.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, P; Hoek, G; Van Reeuwijk, H; Briggs, D; Lebret, E; Van Wijnen, J.; Kingham, S.; Elliott, P.E. Traffic-Related Differences in Outdoor and Indoor Concentrations of Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds in Amsterdam; Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 3713–3722.
   Google Scholar
• Hoek, G.; Meliefste, K.; Cyrys, J.; Lewné, M.; Bellander, T.; Brauer, M.; Fischer, P.; Gehring, U.; Heinrich, J.; van Vliet, P.; Brunekreef, B. Spatial Variability of Fine Particle Concentrations in Three European Areas; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 4077–4088.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, K.A.; Siscovick, D.S.; Sheppard, L.; Shepherd, K.; Sullivan, J.H.; Anderson, G.L.; Kaufman, J.D. Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Women; N. Engl. J. Med. 2007, 356, 447–458.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, N.L.; Goldberg, M.S.; Beckerman, B.; Brook, J.R.; Jerrett, M. Assessing Spatial Variability of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide in Montreal, Canada, with a Land-Use Regression Model; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2005, 55, 1059–1063.
   Google Scholar
• Jerrett, M.; Arain, A.; Kanaroglou, P.; Beckerman, B.; Potoglou, D.; Sahsuvaroglu, T.; Morrison, J.; Giovis, C. A Review and Evaluation of Intraurban Air Pollution Exposure Models; J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2005, 15, 185–204.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Visibility Monitoring Guidance; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, S.B.; Beckerman, B.; Jerrett, M.; Brauer, M. Application of Land Use Regression to Estimate Ambient Concentrations of Traffic-Related NOX and Fine Particulate Matter; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 2422–2428.
   Google Scholar
• Zelikoff, J.T.; Chen, L.C.; Cohen, M.; Schlesinger, R.B. The Toxicology of Inhaled Woodsmoke; J. Toxicol. Environ. Health: Part B 2002, 5, 269–282.
   Google Scholar
• British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Health Effects of Inhalable Particles: Implications for British Columbia—Overview and Conclusions; Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre for BC Environment: British Columbia, Canada, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, T.; Su, J.; Baribeaub, A. M.; Buzzelli, M.; Setton, E.; Brauer, M. A. Spatial Model of Urban Winter Woodsmoke Concentrations; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 2429–2436.
   Google Scholar
• Water, Land and Air Protection. Residential Wood Burning Emissions in British Columbia; The British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. 2000; available at http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/air/airquality/ pdfs/wood_emissions.pdf (accessed 2006).
   Google Scholar
• National Emissions Inventory and Projections Task Group. 1995 Criteria Air Contaminants Emissions Inventory Guidebook; National Emissions Inventory and Projections Task Group. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment: Ottawa, Canada, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Setton, E.; Hystad, P.; Keller, P. Opportunities for Using Spatial Property Assessment Data in Air Pollution Exposure Assessments; Int.J. Health Geographics 2005, 4, 26.
   Google Scholar
• Spokas, K.; Graff, C.; Morcet, M.; Aran, C. Implications of the Spatial Variability of Landfill Emission Rates on Geospatial Analyses; Waste Manage. 2003, 23, 599–607.
   Google Scholar
• Su, J.; Bork, E. Influence of Vegetation, Slope and LIDAR Sampling Angle on DEM Accuracy; Photogram. Eng. Remote Sensing 2006, 72, 1265–1274.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, D.B. Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates; 2nd ed; Lewis Publishers–CRC Press, Inc.: Boca Raton, FL, 1994; p 166.
   Google Scholar
• Browning, K.G.; Koenig, J.Q.; Checkoway, H.; Larson, T.V.; Pierson, W.E. A Questionnaire Study of Respiratory Health in Areas of High and Low Ambient Wood Smoke Pollution; Pediatr. Asthma Allergy Immunol. 1990, 4, 183–191.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, T.V.; Koenig, J.Q. Wood Smoke: Emissions and Non-Cancer Respiratory Effects; Ann. Rev. Public Health 1994, 15, 133–156.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, S.K.; Domingue, J.O;. Extracting Topographic Structure From Digital Elevation Data for Geographic Information System Analysis; Photogram. Eng. Remote Sensing 1988, 54, 1593–1600.
   Google Scholar
• Gessler, P.E.; Moore, I.D.; McKenzie, N.J.; Ryan, P.J. Soil-Landscape Modelling and Spatial Prediction of Soil Attributes; Int. J. GIS 1995, 9, 421–432.
   Google Scholar
• The Great Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) and the Fraser Valley Regional District (FVRD). 2000 Emission Inventory for the Lower Fraser Valley Airshed; October 2002, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Kanaroglou, P.S.; Jerrett, M.; Morrison, C.; Beckerman, B.; Arainb, M.A.; Gilbertd, N.L.; Brooke, J.R. Establishing an Air Pollution Monitoring Network for Intra-Urban Population Exposure Assessment: a Location-Allocation Approach; Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 2399–2409.
   Google Scholar
• Ebelt, S.; Fisher, T.V.; Petkau, A.J.; Vedal, S.; Brauer, M. Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients to Particles: Relationship between Personal Exposure and Ambient Air Concentrations; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1081–1094.
   Google Scholar
• Simoneit, B.S.B., Schauer, J.J;. Nolte, C.G.; Oros, D.R.; Elias, V.O.; Fraser, M.P.; Rogge, W.F.; Cass, G.R. Levoglucosan, a Tracer for Cellulose in Biomass Burning and Atmospheric Particles; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 173–182.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, C.D.; Dills, R.L.; Katz, B.S.; Kalman, D.A. Determination of Levoglucosan in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004, 54, 689–694.
   Google Scholar
• Engling, G.; Carrico, C.M.; Kreidenweis, S.M.; Collett, J.L., Jr.; Day, D.E.; Malm, W.C.; Hao, W.M.; Lincoln, E.; Iinuma, Y.; Herrmann,H. Determination of Levoglucosan in Biomass Combustion Aerosol by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection; Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40(Suppl. 2), 299–311.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia, C.; Engling, G.; Herckes, P.; Collett, J.L., Jr.; Henry, C.S. Determination of Levoglucosan from Smoke Samples Using Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis with Pulsed Amperometric Detection; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 618–623.
   Google Scholar
• Brauer, M.; Hoek, G.; van Vliet, P.; Meliefste, K.; Fischer, P.; Gehring, U.; Heinrich, J.; Cyrys, J.; Bellander, T.; Lewne, M.; Brunekreef, B. Estimating Long-Term Average Particulate Air Pollution Concentrations: Application of Traffic Indicators and Geographic Information Systems. Epidemiol. 2003, 14, 228–239.
   Google Scholar
• Jerrett, M.; Arain, M.A.; Kanaroglou, P.; Beckerman, B.; Crouse, D.; Gilbert, N.L.; Brook, J.R.; Finkelstein, N.; Finkelstein, M. Modelling the Intra-Urban Variability of Ambient Traffic Pollution in Toronto, Canada; J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2007, 70, 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Lewne, M.; Cyrys, J.; Meliefste, K.; Hoek, G.; Brauer, M.; Fischer, P.; Gehring, U.; Heinrich, J.; Brunekreef, B.; Bellander, T. Spatial Variation in Nitrogen Dioxide in Three European Areas; Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 332, 217–230.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, Z.; English, P.B.; Scalf, R.; Gunier, R.; Smorodinsky, S.; Wall, S.; Jerrett, M. Nitrogen Dioxide Prediction in Southern California Using Land Use Regression Modeling: Potential for Environmental Health Analyses; J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2006, 16, 106–114.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales, M.; Qualls, C.; Hudgens, E.; Neas, L. Characterization of a Spatial Gradient of Nitrogen Dioxide across a United States-Mexico Border City during Winter; Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 337, 163–173.
   Google Scholar
• Bellander, T.; Berglind, N.; Gustavsson, P.; Jonson, T.; Nyberg, F.; Pershagen, G.; Jarup, L. Using Geographic Information Systems to Assess Individual Historical Exposure to Air Pollution from Traffic and House Heating in Stockholm; Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109, 633–639.
   Google Scholar
• Gullett, B.K.; Touati, A.; Hays, M.D. PCDD/F, PCB, HxCBz, PAH, and PM Emission Factors for Fireplace and Woodstove Combustion in the San Francisco Bay Region; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1758–1765.
   Google Scholar
• Fine, P.M.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Organic Compounds in Bio-mass Smoke from Residential Wood Combustion: Emissions Characterization at a Continental Scale; J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2002, 107, D21, ICC11.1-ICC11.9.
   Google Scholar