1,043
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Source Apportionment of Fine Particulate Matter in the Southeastern United States

, &
Pages 1123-1135 | Published online: 24 Feb 2012

References

  • Dockery, D.W.; Pope, C.A.; Xu, X.P.; Spengler, J.D.; Ware, J.H.; Fay, M.E.; Ferris, B.G.; Speizer, F.E. An Association between Air-Pollution and Mortality in 6 United States Cities; New Engl. J. Med. 1993, 329, 1753–1759.
  • Pope, C.A.; Thun, M.J.; Namboodiri, M.M.; Dockery, D.W.; Evans, J.S.; Speizer, F.E.; Heath, C.W. Particulate Air-Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective-Study of U.S. Adults; Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995, 151, 669–674.
  • Schwartz, J.; Dockery, D.W.; Neas, L.M.; Wypij, D.; Ware, J.H.; Spengler, J.D.; Koutrakis, P.; Speizer, F.E.; Ferris, B.G. Acute Effects of Summer Air-Pollution on Respiratory Symptom Reporting in Children; Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994, 150, 1234–1242.
  • Schwartz, J.; Dockery D.W.; Neas, L.M. Is Daily Mortality Associated Specifically with Fine Particles? J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 927–939.
  • Thurston, G.D.; Ito, K.; Hayes, C.G.; Bates, D.V.; Lippmann, M. Respiratory Hospital Admissions and Summertime Haze Air Pollution in Toronto, Ontario: Consideration of the Role of Acid Aerosols; Environ. Res. 1994, 65, 271–290.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter, Final Rule; 40 CFR Part 50; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997.
  • Laden, F.; Neas, L.M.; Dockery, D.W.; Schwartz, J. Association of Fine Particulate Matter from Different Sources with Daily Mortality in Six U.S. Cities; Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108, 941–947.
  • Mar, T.F.; Norris, G.A.; Koenig, J.Q.; Larson, T.V. Associations between Air Pollution and Mortality in Phoenix, 1995–1997; Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108, 347–353.
  • Tsai, F.C.; Apte, M.G.; Daisey, J.M. An Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Mortality and the Chemical Composition of Airborne Particulate Matter; Inhal. Toxicol. 2000, 12(Suppl. 2), 121–135.
  • Sarnat, J.A.; Klein, M.; Tolber, P.E.; Marmur, A.; Russell, A.G.; Kim, E.; Hopke, P.K. Examining the Cardiovascular Health Effects of Atlanta Aerosol using Three Source Apportionment Techniques. In Proceedings of 7th International Aerosol Conference, St. Paul, MN, September 10–15, 2006; American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR): St. Paul, MN.
  • Particulate Matter Speciation Guidance; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1999.
  • Kim, E.; Hopke, P.K. Source Identification of Atlanta Aerosol by Positive Matrix Factorization; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2003, 53, 731–739.
  • Kim, E.; Hopke, P.K.; Edgerton, E.S. Improving Source Identification of Atlanta Aerosol Using Temperature Resolved Carbon Fractions in Positive Matrix Factorization; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 3349–3362.
  • Kim, E.; Hopke, P.K. Improving Source Apportionment of Fine Particles in the Eastern United States Utilizing Temperature-Resolved Carbon Fractions; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2005, 55, 1456–1463.
  • Liu, W.; Wang, Y.; Russell, A.G.; Edgerton, E.S. Atmospheric Aerosol Over Two Urban-Rural Pairs in the Southeastern United States: Chemical Composition and Possible Sources; Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 4453–4470.
  • Marmur, A.; Unal, A.; Mulholland, J.A.; Russell, A.G. Optimization-Based Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Incorporating Gas-to-ParticleRatios; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 3245–3254.
  • Marmur, A.; Park, S.-K.; Mulholland, J.A.; Tolbert, P.E.; Russell, A.G. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in the Southeastern United States Using Receptor and Emissions-Based Models: Conceptual Differences and Implications for Time-Series Health Studies;Atmos.Environ.2006,40,2533–2551.
  • Park, S.-K.; Marmur, A.; Ke, L.; Yan, B.; Russell, A.G.; Zheng, M. Comparison between Chemical Mass Balance Receptor and CMAQ Model PM2.5 Source Apportionment; Environ. Sci. Technol., submitted for publication.
  • Zheng, M.; Cass, G.R.; Schauer, J.J.; Edgerton, E.S. Source Apportionment of PM2 . 5 in the Southeastern United States Using Solvent-Extractable Organic Compounds as Tracers; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 2361–2371.
  • Zheng, M.; Ke, L.; Edgerton, E.S.; Schauer, J.J.; Dong, M.; Russell, A.G. Spatial Distribution of Carbonaceous Aerosol in the Southeastern United States Using Molecular Markers and Carbon Isotope Data; J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111, D10S06.
  • Watson, J.G.; Robinson, N.F.; Chow, J.C.; Fujita, E.M.; Lowenthal, D.H. CMB8 User’s Manual Draft; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2001.
  • Altshuller, A.P. Natural Volatile Organic Substances and their Effect on Air Quality in the United States; Atmos. Environ. 1983, 17, 2131–2165.
  • Claeys, M.; Graham, B.; Vas, G.; Wang, W.; Vermeylen, R.; Pashynska, V.; Cafmeyer, J.; Guyon, P.; Andreae, M.O.; Artaxo, P.; Maenhaut, W. Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols through Photooxidation of Isoprene; Science 2004, 303, 1173–1176.
  • Glasius, M.; Lahaniati, M.; Calogirou, A.; Bella, D.D.; Jensen, N.R.; Hjorth, J.; Kotzias, D.; Larsen, B.R. Carboxylic Acids in Secondary Aerosols from Oxidation of Cyclic Monoterpenes by Ozone; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 1001–1010.
  • Hoffmann, T.; Odum, J.R.; Bowman, F.; Collins, D.; Klockow, D.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Formation of Organic Aerosol from the Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons; Atmos. Environ. 1997, 26, 189–222.
  • Jang, M.; Kamens, R.M. Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Formation by Heterogeneous Reactions of Aldehydes in the Presence of a Sulfuric Acid Catalyst; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 4758–4766.
  • Jang, M.; Kamens, R.M. Newly Characterized Products and Composition of Secondary Aerosols from the Reaction of [H9251]-Pinene with Ozone; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 459–474.
  • Noziere, B.; Barnes, I.; Becker, K.H. Product Study and Mechanisms of the Reactions of [H9251]-Pinene and Pinonaldehyde with OH Radicals; J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104, 23645–23656.
  • Odum, J.R.; Hoffmann, T.; Bowman, F.; Collins, D.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Gas/Particle Partitioning and Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2580–2585.
  • Odum, J.R.; Jungkamp, T.P.W., Seinfeld, J.H. The Atmospheric Aerosol-Forming Potential of Whole Gasoline Vapor; Science 1997, 276, 96–99.
  • Stern, J.E.; Flagan, R.C.; Grosjean, D.; Seinfeld, J.H. Aerosol Formation and Growth in Atmospheric Aromatic Hydrocarbon Photooxidation; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 1224–1231.
  • Wangberg, I.; Barnes, I.; Becker, K.H. Product and Mechanistic Study of the Reaction of NO3 Radicals with [H9251]-Pinene; Environ. Sci. Technol.1997, 31, 2130–2135.
  • Yu, J.; Cocker, D.R.; Griffin, R.J.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H. Gas-Phase Ozone Oxidation of Monoterpenes: Gaseous and Particulate Products;J.Atmos.Chem.1999,34,207–258.
  • Cabada, J.C.; Pandis, S.N.; Robinson, A.L. Sources of Atmospheric Carbonaceous Particulate Matter in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 732–741.
  • Cabada, J.C.; Pandis, S.N.; Subramanian, R.; Robinson, A.L.; Polidori, A.; Turpin, B.J. Estimating the Secondary Organic Aerosol Contribution to PM2.5 Using the EC Tracer Method; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(Suppl. 1), 140–155.
  • Castro, L.M.; Pio, C.A.; Harrison, R.M.; Smith, D.J.T. Carbonaceous Aerosol in Urban and Rural European Atmospheres: Estimation of Secondary Organic Carbon Concentrations; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2771–2781.
  • Gray, H.A.; Cass, G.R.; Huntzicker, J.J.; Heyerdahl, E.K.; Rau, J.A. Characteristics of Atmospheric Organic and Elemental Carbon Particle Concentrations in Los Angeles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 580–589.
  • Strader, R.; Lurmann, F.; Pandis, S.N. Evaluation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Winter; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 4849–4863.
  • Turpin, B.J.; Huntzicker, J.J. Secondary Formation of Organic Aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin: a Descriptive Analysis of Organic and Elemental Carbon Concentrations; Atmos. Environ. 1991, 25, 207–215.
  • Turpin, B.J.; Huntzicker, J.J. Identification of Secondary Organic Aerosol Episodes and Quantitation of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrations during SCAQS; Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29, 3527–3544.
  • Chu, S.-H. Stable Estimation of Primary OC/EC Ratios in the EC Tracer Method; Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 1383–1392.
  • Zielinska, B.; McDonald, J.D.; Hayes, T.; Chow, J.C.; Fujita, E.M.; Watson, J.G. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study Final Report. Volume B: Source Measurements; Prepared for Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, CO, by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 1988; Vol. B.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Kuhns, H.; Etyemezian, V.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Crow, D.; Kohl, S.D.; Engelbrecht, J.P.; Green, M.C. Source Profiles for Industrial, Mobile, and Area Sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational Study; Chemosphere 2004, 54, 185–208.
  • Houck, J.E.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Simons, C.A.; Pritchett, L.C.; Goulet, J.M.; Frazier, C.A. Determination of Particle Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of Particulate Matter from Selected Sources in California: Volume III; Report No. A6-175-32; Prepared for California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, by OMNI Environmental Services Inc., Beaverton, OR, and Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 1989, Vol. III.
  • Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Richards, L.W.; Anderson, S.R.; Houck, J.E.; Dietrich, D.L. The 1987–88 Metro Denver Brown Cloud Air Pollution Study, Volume II: Measurements; Report No. 8810.1F2; Prepared for 1987–88 Metro Denver Brown Cloud Study, Inc.; Greater Denver Chamber of Commerce, Denver, CO, by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 1888; Vol. II.
  • Shareef, G.S. Engineering Judgment, Radian Corporation, September 1987.
  • Waston, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Houck, J.E. PM2.5 Chemical Source Profiles for Vehicle Exhaust, Vegetative Burning, Geological Material, and Coal Burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995; Chemosphere 2001, 43, 1141–1151.
  • Cooper, J.A. Determination of Source Contributions to Fine and Coarse Suspended Particulate Levels in Petersville, Alabama. Report to Tennessee Valley Authority by Northern Electronics Automation, Inc., 1981.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Richards, L.W.; Haase, D.L.; McDade, C.; Dietrich, D.L.; Moon, D.; Sloane, C.S. The 1989–90 Phoenix PM10 Study,Volume II: Source Apportionment. Report No. DRI8931.6F2. Prepared for Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ, by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 1991.
  • Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Pritchett, L.C.; Pierson, W.R.; Frazier, C.A.; Purcell, R.G. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1185–1201.
  • Birch, M.E.; Cary, R.A. Elemental Carbon-Based Method of Monitoring Occupational Exposure to Particulate Diesel Exhaust; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1996, 25, 221–241.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 2. C1 through C30 Organic Compounds from Medium Duty Diesel Trucks; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 1578–1587.
  • Schauer, J.J.; Kleeman, M.J.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 5. C1–C32 Organic Compounds from Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1169–1180.
  • Fine, P.M.; Cass, G.R.; Simoneit, B.R.T. Chemical Characterization of Fine Particulate Emissions from the Fireplace Combustion of Woods Grown in the Southern United States; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1442–1452.
  • Polissar, A.V.; Hopke, P.K.; Paatero, P.; Malm, W.C.; Sisler, J.F. Atmospheric Aerosol over Alaska 2. Elemental Composition and Sources; J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 19045–19057.
  • Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) 2004. Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. ESRI, Inc., Redlands, CA.
  • Lee, S.; Baumann, K.; Schauer, J.J.; Sheesley, R.J.; Naeher, L.P.; Meinardi, S.; Blake, D.R.; Edgerton, E.S.; Russell, A.G.; Clements, M. Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Prescribed Burning in Georgia; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 9049–9056.
  • Corbett, J.J.; Fischbeck, P. Emissions from Ships; Science 1997, 278, 823–824.
  • Ecoregion Maps; available at http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions.htm (accessed 2007).
  • Skjølsvik, K.O.; Andersen, A.B.; Corbett, J.J.; Skjelvik, J.M. Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships (MEPC 45/8 Report to International Maritime Organization on the Outcome of the IMO Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships). Trondheim, Norway, MARINTEK Sintef Group, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Economic Analysis, and Det NorkeVeritas,2000.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.