1,293
Views
44
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Characterization of Real-World Activity, Fuel Use, and Emissions for Selected Motor Graders Fueled with Petroleum Diesel and B20 Biodiesel

, , , &
Pages 1274-1287 | Published online: 24 Jan 2012

References

  • 1970–2006 Average Annual Emissions, All Criteria Pollutants; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/index.html (accessed August 14, 2007).
  • User’s Guide for the Final NONROAD2005 Model; EPA 420-R-05-013; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Government Printing Office: Ann Arbor, MI, 2005.
  • A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions; EPA 420-P-02-001; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2002.
  • Frey, H.C.; Kim, K. Comparison of Real-World Fuel Use and Emissions for Dump Trucks Fueled with B20 Biodiesel versus Petroleum Diesel; Transport. Res. Rec. 2006, 1987, 110–117.
  • Sluder, S.; Wagner, R.M.; Lewis, S.A.; Storey, J.M.E. Fuel Property Effects on Emissions from High Efficiency Clean Combustion in a Diesel Engine. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper 2006-01-0080; SAE: Warrenton, PA, 2006.
  • McCormick, R.L.; Williams, A.; Ireland, J.; Brimhall, M.; Hayes, R.R. Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions; NREL/MP-540-40554; National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2006.
  • Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling: Compression-Ignition; EPA 420-P-04-009; NR-009c; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2004.
  • Rulemaking on the Proposed Amendments to the California Off-Road Emissions Regulation for Compression-Ignition Engines and Equipment; Amend Article 4, Chapter 9, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations (CCR); California Air Resources Board: Sacramento, CA, 2004.
  • May, D.F.; Fisher, L.; Tennis, C.; Parrish, T. Simple, Portable, On-vehicle Testing (SPOT) Final Report; Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI, Contract No. 86-C-01-106, by Analytical Engineering: Columbus, IN, 2002.
  • Gautam, M.; Carder, D.; Clark, N.; Lyons, D.W. Testing for Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Powered Off-Road Engines; Prepared for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, ARB Contract Number 98-317, by West Virginia University: Morgantown, WV, 2002.
  • Norbeck, J.M.; Lents, J.M.; Barth, M.J.; Tonnesen, G.S. Program for the Study of Extremely Low-Emission Vehicles: Year 2 Activities; Prepared for Honda R&D, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Air Resources Board, and Chevron, 01-VE-59968-05-PR, by the University of California–Riverside: Riverside, CA, 2002.
  • Vojtisek-Lom, M. Real-World Exhaust Emissions from Construction Equipment at the World Trade Center #7 Site; Prepared for Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Buffalo, NY, by Clean Air Technologies International: Buffalo, NY, 2003.
  • Cicero-Fernandez, P.; Long, J.R. Effects of Grades and Other Loads on On-Road Emissions of Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 898–904.
  • Gierczak, C.A.; Jesion, G.; Piatak, J.W.; Butler, J.W. On-Board Vehicle Emissions Measurement Program; CRC VE-11-1; Coordinating Research Council: Atlanta, GA, 1994.
  • Tong, H.Y.; Hung, W.T.; Cheung, C.S. On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Driving Conditions; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 543–554.
  • Scarbro, C. An Investigation of Rover’s Capabilities to Accurately Measure the In-Use Activity and Emissions of Late-Model Diesel and Gasoline Trucks. Presented at the 10th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, San Diego, CA, 2000.
  • Vojtisek-Lom, M.; Cobb, J.T. Vehicle Mass Emissions Measurement Using a Portable 5-Gas Exhaust Analyzer and Engine Computer Data. In Proceedings of the EPA/A&WMA Emission Inventory Meeting; Research Triangle Park, NC, 1997.
  • Kihara, N.; Tsukamoto T. Real-Time On-Board Measurement of Mass Emissions of NOx, THC, and Particulate Matter from Diesel Vehicles. Presented at the 5th International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines, Nagoya, Japan, 2001.
  • CATI OEM-2100 Montana System Operation Manual; Clean Air Technologies International: Buffalo, NY, 2003.
  • Vojtisek-Lom, M.; Allsop, J.E. Development of Heavy-Duty Diesel Portable, On-Board Mass Exhaust Emissions Monitoring System with NOx, CO2, and Qualitative PM Capabilities. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technical Paper 2001-01-3641; SAE: Warrenton, PA, 2001.
  • Myers, J.; Kelly, T.; Dindal, A.; Willenberg, Z.; Riggs, K. Environmental Technology Verification Report: Clean Air Technologies International, Inc. REMOTE On-Board Emissions Monitor; Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, by Battelle: Columbus, OH, 2003.
  • Stephens, R.D.; Cadle, S.H. Remote Sensing Measurements of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from On-Road Vehicles; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41, 39–46.
  • Frey, H.C.; Rasdorf, W.J.; Kim, K.; Pang, S.; Lewis, P. Real-World Duty Cycles and Utilization for Construction Equipment in North Carolina; Prepared for the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC, Technical Report FHWY/NC/2006-08, by North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC, 2008.
  • Emission Factors for Locomotives; EPA 420-F-97-051; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Governmental Printing Office: Ann Arbor, MI, 1997.
  • Zhao, Y.; Frey, H.C. Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty for Censored Data Sets and Application to Air Toxic Emission Factors; Risk Analysis 2004, 24, 1019–1034.
  • Humidity Correction Factor. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Chapter I, Section 86.1342-1390, pp 309, 2003.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.