192
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Investigations of Ash Fouling with Cattle Wastes as Reburn Fuel in a Small-Scale Boiler Burner under Transient Conditions

, &
Pages 517-529 | Published online: 24 Jan 2012

References

  • Thien, B.; Annamalai, K. Reduction of NO through Reburning with Coal and Feedlot Biomass; Presented at the National Combustion Conference, Oakland, CA, March 25–27, 2001.
  • Annamalai, K.; Thien, B.; Sweeten, B. Co-Firing of Coal and Cattle Feedlot Biomass (FB) Fuels. Part II. Performance Results from 30 kW (100,000) Btu/h Laboratory Scale Boiler Burner; Fuel 2003, 82, 1183-1193.
  • Sweeten J.M.; Annamalai K.; Thien B.; McDonald L.A. Co-Firing of Coal and Cattle Feedlot Biomass (FB) Fuels. Part I. Feedlot Biomass (Cattle Manure) Fuel Quality and Characteristics; Fuel 2003, 82, 1167-1182.
  • Johnson, D.K.; Engelhardt, D.A.; Harvilla, J. Clean Coal Technology Reburning Technologies for the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal-Fired Boilers; U.S. Department of Energy, Topical Report Number 14; available at www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/publications/Clean_Coal_Topical_Reports/ (accessed March 2007).
  • Annamalai, K.; Sweeten, B. Reburn System with Feedlot Biomass. U.S. Patent 6,973,883; December 31, 2005.
  • Walsh, P.M.; Sarofim, A.F.; Beer, J.M. Fouling of Convection Heat Exchangers by Lignitic Coal Ash; Energy Fuels 1992, 6, 709-715.
  • Kalisz, S.; Pronobis, M. Investigations on Fouling Rate in Convective Bundles of Coal-Fired Boilers in Relation to Optimization of Soot-blower Operation; Fuel 2005, 84, 927-937.
  • Annamalai, K.; Sweeten, J.; Freeman, M.; Mathur, M.; O’Dowd, W.; Walbert, G.; Jones, S. Co-Firing of Coal and Cattle Feedlot Biomass (FB) Fuels. Part III: Fouling Results from a 500,000 Btu/h Pilot Plant Scale Boiler Burner; Fuel 2003, 82, 1195-1200.
  • Annamalai, K.; Martin, B.; Sweeten, J.M.; Heflin, K. Pyrolysis, Ignition, and Fuel Characteristics of Coal, Feedlot Biomass, and Coal:Feedlot Bio-mass Blends; Final Report; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, March 31, 2006.
  • Annamalai, K.; Puri, I.K. Combustion Science and Engineering, CRC Series in Computational Mechanics and Applied Analysis; CRC: Boca Raton, FL, 2005.
  • Goughnour, P.G. Master Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2006.
  • Kline, S.J; McClintock, F.A. Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments; Mech. Engineer. 1953, 75, 3-8.
  • Incropera, F.P.; DeWitt, D.P. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th ed.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, 1996.
  • Richards, C.H.; Harb, J.H.; Baxter, L.L.; Bhattacharaga, S.; Gupta, R.P.; Wall, T.F. Radiative Heat Transfer in Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers—Development of the Absorbptive/Reflective Character of Initial Ash Deposits; Presented at the International Symposium on Combustion, Irvine, CA, 1994, pp 1-24.
  • Zygarlicke, C.J.; McCollor, D.P.; Crocker, C.R. Ash Emissivity Characterization and Prediction; Final Report; Energy & Environmental Research Center. Grand Forks, ND, 1999; available at www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/778529-ZIRNMy/native/778529.pdf (accessed February 2007).
  • Abd-Elhady, M.S.; Rindt, C.C.M.; Wijers, J.G.; van Steenhoven, A.A.; Bramer, E.A.; van der Meer, T.H. Minimum Gas Speed in Heat Exchangers to Avoid Particulate Fouling; Intl. J. Heat Mass Trans. 2004, 47, 3943-3955.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.