A Quantitative Approach to the Traffic Air Quality Problem: The Traffic Air Quality Index

References

• Ebelt, S.T.; Petkau, A.J.; Vedal, S.; Fisher, T.V.; Brauer, M. Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1081–1094.
   Google Scholar
• Künzli, N. Health Costs Due to Outdoor Air Pollution by Traffic; Lancet 2002, 356, 782–783.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai, J.H.; Hsu, Y.C.; Weng, H.C.; Lin, W.Y.; Jeng, F.T. Air Pollutant Emission Factors from New and In-Use Motorcycles; Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 4747–4754.
   Google Scholar
• Durbin, T.D.; Wilson, R.D.; Norbeck, J.M.; Miller, J.W.; Huai, T.; Rhee, S.H. Estimates of the Emission Rates of Ammonia from Light-Duty Vehicles Using Standard Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 1475–1482.
   Google Scholar
• Ubanwa, B; Burnette, A.; Kishan, S.; Fritz, S.G. Exhaust Particulate Matter Emission Factors and Deterioration Rate for In-Use Motor Vehicles; J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2003, 125, 513–523.
   Google Scholar
• Kristensson, A.; Johansson, C.; Westerholm, R.; Swietlicki, E.; Wideqvist, U.; Vesely, V. Real World Traffic Emission Factors of Gases and Particles Measured in a Road Tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 657–673.
   Google Scholar
• Gramotnev, G.; Brown, R.; Ristovski, Z.; Hitchins, J.; Morawska, L. Determination of Average Emission Factors for Vehicles on a Busy Road; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 465–474.
   Google Scholar
• Ketzel, M.; Wahlin, P.; Berkowicz, R. Particle and Trace Gas Emission Factors under Urban Driving Conditions in Copenhagen Based on Street and Roof Level Observation; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 2735–2749.
   Google Scholar
• Jamriska, M.; Morawska, L. A Model for Determination of Motor Vehicle Emission Factors from On-Road Measurements with a Focus on Sub-Micrometer Particles; Sci. Total Environ. 2001, 264, 241–255.
   Google Scholar
• Premo, T.A. M.S. Thesis, Purdue University, May 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, T.L.; Ning, Z.; Leung, C.W.; Cheung, C.S.; Hung, W.T.; Dong, G. On-Road Remote Sensing of Petrol Vehicle Emissions Measurements and Emission Factors Estimation in Hong Kong; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 2055–2066.
   Google Scholar
• Veurman, J.; Gense, N.L.J.; Wilmink, I.R.; Baarbe, H.I. Emissions at Different Conditions of Traffic Flow. In Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment; Espoo, Finland, 2002; pp 571–580.
   Google Scholar
• Bellasio, R. Modeling Traffic Air Pollution in Road Tunnels; Atmos. Environ. 1997, 31, 1539–1551.
   Google Scholar
• Eskridge, R.E.; Hunt, J.C.R. Highway Modeling, Part 1: Prediction of Velocity Turbulence Fields in the Wake of Vehicles; J. Appl. Meteorol. 1979, 18, 387–400.
   Google Scholar
• Hider, Z.E.; Hibberd, S.; Baker, C. J. Modeling Particulate Dispersion in the Wake of a Vehicle; J. Wind Engineer. Indust. Aerodynam. 1997, 67–68, 733–744.
   Google Scholar
• Eskridge, R.E.; Rao, S.T. Measurements and Prediction of Traffic-Induced Turbulence and Velocity Fields near Roadways; J. Climate Appl. Meteorol. 1983, 22, 1431–1443.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, K.S.; Gunter, R.L.; White, J.R.; Hosker, R.P. Turbulence and Dispersion Modeling near Highways; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 4337–4346.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, C.J.; Hargreaves, D.M. Wind Tunnel Evaluation of a Vehicle Pollution Dispersion Model; J. Wind Engineer. Indust. Aerodynam. 2001, 89, 187–200.
   Google Scholar
• Soliman, A.; Jacko, R.B.; Partridge, B.K. ITS Strategies for Minimization of Fine Particulates; SPR-2926; File No. 9-10-79; Project No. C-36-67BBBB; Joint Transportation Research Program: West Lafayette, IN, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Soliman, A.S.M.; Jacko, R.B.; Palmer, G.M. Development of an Empirical Model to Estimate Real-World Fine Particulate Matter Emission Factors: the Traffic-Air-Quality Model; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, 1540–1549.
   Google Scholar
• Garber, N.J.; Hoel, L.A. Traffic and Highway Engineering, 3rd ed.; Brooks/Cole: Pacific Grove, CA, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Coifman, B. Estimating Travel Times and Vehicle Trajectories on Freeways Using Dual Loop Detectors; Transport. Res. A 2002, 36, 351–364.
   Google Scholar
• Wark, K.; Warner, C.F.; Davis, W.T. Air Pollution, Its Origin and Control, 3rd ed.; Addison-Wesley: San Francisco, CA, 1998; pp 70, 189.
   Google Scholar