Formation Characteristics of Aerosol Particles from Pulverized Coal Pyrolysis in High-Temperature Environments

References

• Cheng, J.; Zhou, J.; Liu, J.; Zhou, Z.; Huang, Z.; Cao, X.; Zhao, X.; Cen, K. Sulfur Removal at High Temperature during Coal Combustion in Furnaces: a Review; Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. 2003, 29, 381–405.
   Google Scholar
• Ishii, K. Advanced Pulverized Coal Injection Technology and Blast Furnace Operation; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W.H.; Du, S.W.; Yang, T.H. Volatile Release and Particle Formation Characteristics of Injected Pulverized Coal in Blast Furnaces; Energ. Convers. Manage. 2007, 48, 2025–2033.
   Google Scholar
• Bockhorn, H. Soot Formation in Combustion; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Wark, K.; Warner, C.F.; Davis, W.T. Air Pollution—Its Origin and Control; Addison-Wesley: New York, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G.C.; Wu, Y.S.; Chen, J.C.; Chang, C.N.; Ho, T.T. Characteristic of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentrations and Source Identification for Fine and Coarse Particulates at Taichung Harbor near Taiwan Strait during 2004–2005; Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 366, 729–738.
   Google Scholar
• Du, S.W.; Chen, W.H. Numerical Simulation and Practical Improvement of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Blast Furnace; Int. Commun. Heat Mass 2006, 33, 327–334.
   Google Scholar
• Du, S.W.; Chen, W.H. Performances of Pulverized Coal Injection in Blowpipe and Tuyere at Various Operational Conditions; Energ. Convers. Manage. 2007, 48, 2069–2076.
   Google Scholar
• Higman, C.; Burgt, M.V.D. Gasification; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W.H.; Chen, J.C.; Tsai, C.D.; Du, S.W. Experimental Study of Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification in Association with Syngas Combustion; J. Mech. 2007, 23, 319–327.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W.H.; Chen, J.C.; Tsai, C.D.; Jiang, T.L. Transient Gasification and Syngas Formation for Coal Particles in a Fixed-Bed Reactor; Int. J. Energ. Res. 2007, 31, 895–911.
   Google Scholar
• Smoot, L.D.; Smith, P.J. Coal Combustion and Gasification; Plenum: New York, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, J.; Lucas, J.A.; Wall, T.F. Formation of the Structure of Chars during Devolatilization of Pulverized Coal and its Thermoproperties: a Review; Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. 2007, 33, 135–170.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, L.; Paterson, N.; Dugwell, D.R.; Kandiyoti, R. Simulation of Blast-Furnace Raceway Conditions in a Wire-Mesh Reactor: Interference by the Reactions of Molybdenum Mesh and Initial Results; Energ. Fuel 2006, 20, 2572–2579.
   Google Scholar
• Cangialosi, F.; Canio, F.D.; Intini, G.; Notarnicola, M.; Liberti, L.; Belz, G.; Caramuscio, P. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Unburned Coal Char Burnout in a Pilot-Scale Rotary Kiln; Fuel 2006, 85, 2294–2300.
   Google Scholar
• Beer, J.M. Combustion Technology Developments in Power Generation in Response to Environmental Challenges; Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. 2000, 26, 301–327.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A.; Pourkashanian, M.; Jones, J.M. Combustion of Pulverised Coal and Biomass; Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. 2001, 27, 587–610.
   Google Scholar
• Wall, T.F.; Liu, G.S.; Wu, H.W.; Roberts, D.G.; Benfell, K.E.; Gupta, S.; Lucas, J.A.; Harris, D.J. The Effects of Pressure on Coal Reactions during Pulverised Coal Combustion and Gasification; Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci. 2002, 28, 405–433.
   Google Scholar
• Seebauer, V.; Petek, J.; Staudinger, G. Effects of Particle Size, Heating Rate and Pressure on Measurement of Pyrolysis Kinetics by Thermogravimetric Analysis; Fuel 1997, 76, 1277–1282.
   Google Scholar
• Seinfeld, J.H.; Pandis, S.N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; Wiley: New York, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatachari, P.; Hopke, P.K.; Brune, W.H.; Ren, X.; Lesher, R.; Mao, J.; Mitchel, M. Characterization of Wintertime Reactive Oxygen Species Concentrations in Flushing, New York; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 97–111.
   Google Scholar
• Yue, W.; Li, X.; Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Yu, X.; Deng, B.; Wan, T.; Zhang, G.; Huang, Y.; He, W.; Hu, W.; Shao, L.; Li, W.; Yang, S. Characterization of PM2.5 in the Ambient Air of Shanghai City by Analyzing Individual Particles; Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 368, 916–925.
   Google Scholar
• McKinnon, J.T.; Meyer, E.; Howard, J.B. Infrared Analysis of Flame-Generated PAH Samples; Combust. Flame 1996, 105, 161–166.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, H.H.; Lai, S.O.; Hsieh, L.T.; Hsueh, H.J.; Chi, T.W. Profiles of PAH Emission from Steel and Iron Industries; Chemosphere 2002, 48, 1061–1074.
   Google Scholar
• Bonfanti, L.; De-Michelle, G.; Riccardi, J.; Lopez-Doriga, E. Influence of Coal Type and Operating Conditions on the Formation of Incomplete Combustion Products-Pilot Plant Experiments; Combust. Sci. Technol. 1994, 101, 505–525.
   Google Scholar
• Mastral, A.M.; Callen, M.S.; Murillo, R. Assessment of PAH Emissions as a Function of Coal Combustion Variables; Fuel 1996, 75, 1533–1536.
   Google Scholar
• Mastral, A.M.; Callen, M.S. A Review on Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Energy Generation; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 3051–3057.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, H.H.; Tsai, C.H.; Chao, M.R.; Su, Y.L.; Chien, S.M. Source Identification and Size Distribution of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Rice Straw Burning Period; Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 1266–1274.
   Google Scholar
• Hawley-Fedder, R.A.; Parsons, M.L.; Karasek, F.W. Products Obtained during Combustion of Polymers under Simulated Incinerator Conditions. II: Polystyrene; J. Chromatogr. A 1984, 315, 201–210.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Prakash, V. The Effect of Temperature on PAH Emission from Incineration of Acrylic Waste; Environ. Monit. Assess. 2007, 127, 73–77.
   Google Scholar
• Durlak, S.K.; Biswas, P.; Shi, J.; Bernhard, M.J. Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Polystyrene Combustion; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 2301–2307.
   Google Scholar