Spatiotemporal Variability of Light-Absorbing Carbon Concentration in a Residential Area Impacted by Woodsmoke

References

• Energy Statistics for One- to Two-Dwelling Buildings in 2005; Statistiska Meddelanden EN16SM0601; Statistics Sweden; 2005; available at http://www.scb.se/templates/Publikation_178027.asp (accessed March 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Combating Climate Change: the EU Leads the Way; Europe on the Move Series; European Commission; 2007; available at http://ec.europa.eu/publications/booklets/move/70/en.pdf (accessed June 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Boman, B.C.; Forsberg, A.B.; Järvholm, B.G. Adverse Health Effects from Ambient Air Pollution in Relation to Residential Wood Combustion in Modern Society; Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 2003, 29, 251–260.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, T.C.; Bergstrom, R.W. Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: an Investigative Review; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 27–67.
   Google Scholar
• Kupiainen, K.; Klimont, Z. Primary Emissions of Submicron and Carbonaceous Particles in Europe and the Potential for their Control; Interim Report IR-04-079; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis: Laxenburg, Austria, 2004; p 115.
   Google Scholar
• Lighty, J.S.; Veranth, J.M.; Sarofim, A.F. Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1565–1618.
   Google Scholar
• Ramanathan, V.R.; Ramana, M.V.; Roberts, G.; Kim, D.; Corrigan, C.; Chung, C.; Winker, D. Warning Trends in Asia Amplified by Brown Cloud Solar Absorption; Nature 2007, 448, 575–579.
   Google Scholar
• Shindell, D.T.; Chin, M. Dentener, F.; Doherty, R.M.; Faluvegi, G.; Fiore, A.M.; Hess, P.; Koch, D.M.; MacKenzie, I.A.; Sanderson, M.G.; Schultz, M.; Stevenson, D.S.; Teich, H.; Textor, C.; Wild, O.; Berg-mann, D.J.; Bey, I.; Bian, H.; Cuvelier, C.; Duncan, B.N.; Folberth, G.; Horowitz, L.W.; Jonson, J.; Kaminski, J.W.; Marmer, E.; Park, R.; Pringle, K.J.; Schroeder, S.; Szopa, S.; Takemura, T.; Zeng, G.; Keating, T.J.; Zuber, A. A Multi-Model Assessment of Pollution Transport to the Arctic; Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8, 5353–5372.
   Google Scholar
• Ramanathan, V.R.; Crutzen, P.J.; Kiehl, J.T.; Rosenfeld, D. Aerosols, Climate and the Hydrological Cycle; Science 2001, 294, 2119–2124.
   Google Scholar
• Ackerman, A.S.; Toon, O.B.; Stevens, D.E.; Heymsfield, A.J.; Ramanathan, V.; Welton, E.J. Reduction of Tropical Cloudiness by Soot; Science 2000, 288, 1042–1047.
   Google Scholar
• Menon, S.; Hansen, J.; Nazarenko, L. Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India; Science 2002, 297, 2250–2253.
   Google Scholar
• Satheesh, S.K.; Ramanthan, V. Large Differences in Tropical Aerosol Forcing at the Top of the Atmosphere and Earth’s Surface; Nature 2000, 405, 60–63.
   Google Scholar
• Pakkanen, T.A.; Kerminen, V.M.; Ojanen, C.H.; Hillamo, R.E.; Aarnio, P.; Koskentalo, T. Atmospheric Black Carbon in Helsinki; Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 1497–1506.
   Google Scholar
• Hering, S.V.; Kreisberg, N.M.; Stolzenburg, M.R.; Lewis, G.S. Comparison of Particle Size Distributions at Urban and Agricultural Sites in California’s San Joaquin Valley; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 86–96.
   Google Scholar
• Glasius, M.; Ketzel, M.; Wåhlin, P.; Bossi, R.; Stubkjaer, J.; Hertel, O.; Palmgren, F. Characterization of Particles from Residential Wood Combustion and Modeling of Spatial Variation in a Low-Strength Emission Area; Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 8686–8697.
   Google Scholar
• Hedberg, E.; Johansson, C.; Johansson, L.; Swietlicki, E.; Brorström- Lundén, E. Is Levoglucosan a Suitable Quantitative Tracer for Wood Burning? Comparison with Receptor Modeling on Trace Elements in Lycksele, Sweden; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, 1669–1678.
   Google Scholar
• Krecl, P.; Hedberg Larsson, E.; Ström, J.; Johansson, C. Contribution of Residential Wood Combustion to Wintertime Atmospheric Aerosol in Northern Sweden; Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8, 3639–3653.
   Google Scholar
• Sheesley, R.J.; Kruså, M.; Krecl, P.; Johansson, C.; Gustafsson,Ö. Source Apportionment of Elevated Wintertime PAHs by Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Analysis; Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Pettersson, M. Emission Databases for Lycksele and Växjö (in Swedish only); Report SLB 5:2003; 2003; available at http://www.itm.su.se/bhm/rapporter/omgivning/126291.pdf (accessed April 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Moosmüller, H.; Chakrabarty, R.K.; Arnott; W.P. Aerosol Light Absorption and Its Measurement: a Review; J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 2009, 110, 844–878.
   Google Scholar
• Krecl, P.; Ström, J.; Johansson, C. Carbon Content of Atmospheric Aerosols in a Residential Area during the Wood Combustion Season in Sweden; Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 6974–6985.
   Google Scholar
• Krecl, P.; Ström, J.; Johansson, C. Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Aerosol during the Wood Combustion Season in Northern Sweden; Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 4113–4125.
   Google Scholar
• Danard, M. A Simple Model for Mesoscale Effects of Topography on Surface Winds; Monthly Weather Rev. 1977, 105, 572–581.
   Google Scholar
• Berkowicz, R.; Prahm, L.P. Evaluation of the Profile Method for Estimation of Surface Fluxes of Momentum and Heat; Atmos. Environ. 1982, 16, 2809–2819.
   Google Scholar
• Nyberg, F.; Gustavsson, P.; Järup, L.; Bellander, T.; Berglind, N.; Jakobsson, R.; Pershagen, G. Urban Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in Stockholm; Epidemiol. 2000, 11, 487–495.
   Google Scholar
• Bellander, T.; Berglind, N.; Gustavsson, P.; Jonson, T.; Nyberg, F.; Pershagen, G.; Järup, L. Using Geographic Information Systems to Assess Individual Historical Exposure to Air Pollution in Stockholm County; Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109, 633–639.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, C.; Burman, L.; Forberg, B. The Effects of Congestions Tax on Air Quality and Health; Atmos. Environ. 2008, 43, 4843–4854.
   Google Scholar
• Weil, J.C.; Syskes, R.I.; Venkatram, A. Evaluating Air-Quality Models: Review and Outlook; J. Appl. Meteor. 1992, 31, 1121–1145.
   Google Scholar
• Wongphatarakul, V.; Friedlander, S.K.; Pinto, J.P. A Comparative Study of PM2 . 5 Ambient Aerosol Chemical Databases; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 3926–3934.
   Google Scholar
• Cantrell, C.A. Technical Note: Review of Methods for Linear Least-Squares Fitting of Data and Application to Atmospheric Chemistry Problems; Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8, 5477–5487.
   Google Scholar
• Draxler, R.R.; Rolph, G.D. HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory: Silver Spring, MD, 2003; available at http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html (accessed 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.G.; Chow, J.C.; Lowenthal, D.H.; Stolzenburg, M.R.; Kreisberg, N.M.; Hering, S.V. Particle Size Relationships at the Fresno Supersite; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 822–827.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, C.; Hedberg, E.; Olivares, G.; Gidhagen, L.; Karlsson, H.; Swietlicki, E.; Kristensson, A.; Zhou, J.; Rissler, J.; Brohammer, P.; Brorström-Lundén, E.; Jacobsson, J.; Tranefors, C.; Andersson L.; Eltahir, E.; Omstedt, G.; Gidgagen, L.; Langer, J.; Foltescu, V. Measurements and Calculations of the Effect of Wood Burning on Air Pollution Levels. Part I: Lycksele (only in Swedish); ITM Report 124; Department of Applied Environmental Science; Stockholm University: Stockholm, Sweden, 2004; available at http://www.itm.su.se/bhm/rapporter.html (accessed May 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Kupiainen, K.; Klimont, Z. Primary Emissions of Fine Carbonaceous Particles in Europe; Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 2156–2170.
   Google Scholar
• Gidhagen, L.; Johansson, C.; Ström, J.; Kristensson, A.; Swietlicki, E.; Pirjola, L.; Hansson, H.C. Model Simulation of Ultrafine Particles inside a Road Tunnel; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 2023–2036.
   Google Scholar
• Denby, B.; Karl, M.; Laupsa, H.; Johansson, C.; Pohjola, M.; Karppinen, A.; Kukkonen, J.; Ketzel, M.; Wåhlin, P. Estimating Domestic Wood Burning Emissions in Nordic Countries Using Ambient Air Observations in Combination with Receptor and Dispersion Modeling; Geophys. Res. Abs. 2009, 11, EGU2009–8585.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson, L.S.; Leckner, B.; Gustavsson, L.; Cooper, D.; Tullin, C.; Potter, A. Emission Characteristics of Modern and Old-Type Residential Boilers Fired with Wood Logs and Wood Pellets; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 4183–4195.
   Google Scholar
• Arya, S.P. Air Pollution Meteorology and Dispersion; Oxford University: Oxford, U.K., 1999.
   Google Scholar