The Calcination Process in a System for Washing, Calcinating, and Converting Treated Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash into Raw Material for the Cement Industry

REFERENCES

• Chang , F.Y. and Wey , M.Y. 2006 . Comparison of the Characteristics of Bottom Ash and Fly Ashes Generated from Various Incineration Process . J. Hazard. Mater. , 138 : 594 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olie , K. , Vermeulen , P.L. and Hutzinger , O. 1977 . Chlorodibenzo-p-Dioxins and Chlorodibenzofurans are Trace Components of Fly Ash and Flue Gas of Some Municipal Incinerators in the Netherlands . Chem. , 6 : 455 – 459 .
   Google Scholar
• Riber , C. , Fredriksen , G.S. and Christensen , T.H. 2005 . Heavy Metal Content of Combustible Municipal Solid Waste in Denmark . Waste Manage. Res. , 23 : 126 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai , S. , Sawell , S.E. and Chandler , A.J. 1996 . World Trends in Municipal Solid Waste Management . Waste Manage. , 16 : 341 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oygard , J.K. , Gjengedal , E. and Mage , A. 2005 . Mass-Balance Estimation of Heavy Metals and Selected Anions at a Landfill Receiving MSWI Bottom Ash and Mixed Construction Wastes . J. Hazard. Mater. , 123 : 70 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizutani , S. , van der Sloot , H.A. and Sakai , S. 2000 . Evaluation of Treatment of Gas Cleaning Residues from MSWI with Chemical Agents . Waste Manage. , 20 : 233 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , W. and Lo , J. 2004 . Synthesis and Efficiency of a New Chemical Fixation Agent for Stabilizing MSWI Fly Ash . J. Hazard. Mater. , B112 : 79 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira , C. , Ribeiro , A. and Ottosen , L. 2003 . Possible Applications for Municipal Solid Waste Fly Ash . J. Hazard. Mater. , 96 : 201 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolwerk , R. Co-Processing of Waste and Energy Efficiency by Cement Plants . Presented at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Conference . October 21–22 , Vienna , Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Aubert , J.E. , Husson , B. and Vaquier , A. 2004 . Use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Concrete . Cement Concrete Res. , 34 : 957 – 963 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2003 . JIS R5210 Ordinary Portland Cement , Tokyo , , Japan : Japanese Industrial Standards Committee .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , F. , Takaoka , M. , Oshita , K. and Takeda , N. 2009 . Comparison of Two Kinds of Fly Ashes with Different Alkaline Reagents in Washing Experiments . Waste Manage. , 29 : 259 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , F. , Takaoka , M. , Shiota , K. , Oshita , K. , Kitajima , Y. and Morisawa , S. Sound Recycling System for Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator to Be Raw Material in Cement Industry—the Study of Calcinating Process of Washed Fly Ash . Presented at WASCON 2009—Sustainable Management of Waste and Recycled Materials in Construction . June 3–5 , Lyon , France.
   Google Scholar
• Mangialardi , T. 2003 . Disposal of MSWI Fly Ash through a Combined Washing-Immobilisation Process . J. Hazard. Mater. , 98 : 225 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , F. , Takaoka , M. , Shiota , K. , Oshita , K. and Kitajima , Y. 2008 . Chloride Chemical Form in Various Types of Fly Ash . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 3932 – 3937 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , F. , Takaoka , M. , Oshita , K. , Morisawa , S. , Tsuno , H. and Kitajima , Y. 2009 . Chloride Behavior in Washing Experiments of Two Kinds of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash with Different Alkaline Reagents . Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association , 59 : 139 – 147 . doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.2.139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , F. , Takaoka , M. , Oshita , K. , Kitajima , Y. , Inada , Y. , Morisawa , S. and Tsuno , H. 2010 . Chlorides Behavior in Raw Fly Ash Washing Experiments . J. Hazard. Mater. , 178 : 547 – 552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wunsch , P. , Greilinger , C. , Bieniek , D. and Kettrup , A. 1996 . Investigation of the Binding of Heavy Metals in Thermally Treated Residues from Waste Incineration . Chem. , 32 : 2211 – 2218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , D.B. , Goh , Y.R. , Clarkson , P.J. , Lee , P.H. , Nasserzadeh , V. and Swithenbank , J. 2002 . A Novel Energy-Efficient Process Utilizing Regenerative Burners for the Detoxification of Fly Ash . Process Safety Environ. Protect. , 80 : 315 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xhrouet , C. , Nadin , C. and Pauw , E.D. 2002 . Amines Compounds as Inhibitors of PCDD/Fs De Novo Formation on Sintering Process Fly Ash . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 36 : 2760 – 2765 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lide , D.R. 1965 . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data , 72nd , Boca Raton , FL : CRC .
   Google Scholar
• Wey , M. , Liu , K. , Tsai , T. and Chou , J. 2006 . Thermal Treatment of the Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator with Rotary Kiln . J. Hazard. Mater. , 137 : 981 – 989 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casa , G.D. , Mangialardi , T. , Paolini , A.E. and Piga , L. 2007 . Physical-Mechanical and Environmental Properties of Sintered Municipal Incinerator Fly Ash . Waste Manage. , 27 : 238 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou , S. , Lo , S. , Hsieh , C. and Chen , C. 2009 . Sintering of MSWI Fly Ash by Microwave Energy . J. Hazard. Mater. , 163 : 357 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnin-Yauri , U.A. and Glasser , F.P. 1998 . Friedel's Salt, Ca2Al(OH)6(Cl, OH)·2H2O: Its Solid Solutions and Their Role in Chloride Binding . Cement Concrete Res. , 28 : 1713 – 1723 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto , K. , Nishino , K. , Doi , M. and Yokoyama , R. The Increase of Ignition Loss in Wet Bottom Ash . Presented at the 15th Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts . Takamatsu , Japan. pp. 1066 – 1068 . C6–8
   Google Scholar
• Bethanis , S. , Cheeseman , C.R. and Sollars , C.J. 2002 . Properties and Microstructure of Sintered Incinerator Bottom Ash . Ceramics Int. , 28 : 881 – 886 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavo , V.M. , Campostrini , R. , Maurina , S. , Carturan , G. , Mongheddu , M. , Budroni , G. and Cocco , G. 2000 . Bauxite ‘Red Mud’ in the Ceramic Industry, Part 1: Thermal Behaviour . J. Euro. Ceramics Soc. , 20 : 235 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , K.H. and Weise , E.L. 1966 . High Temperature Properties and Decomposition of Inorganic Salts , Vol. Part 1: Sulphates , Gaithersburg , MD : National Standard Reference Data Series; National Bureau of Standards .
   Google Scholar
• Polettini , A. , Pomi , R. , Trinci , L. , Muntoni , A. and Mastro , S.L. 2004 . Engineering and Environmental Properties of Thermally Treated Mixtures Containing MSWI Fly Ash and Low-Cost Additives . Chem. , 56 : 901 – 910 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , K.H. and Weise , E.L. 1972 . High Temperature Properties and Decomposition of Inorganic Salts, Part 3: Nitrates and Nitrites , Gaithersburg , MD : National Standard Reference Data Series; National Bureau of Standards .
   Google Scholar
• Shor , T.J. and Dial , C. 2000 . Volatilization of Cobalt, Technetium, and Uranium Isotopes from Soils through Salt Amendment and Calcination . J. Environ. Radioact. , 48 : 35 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe , N. , Inoue , S. and Ito , H. 2000 . Chlorine Promotes Antimony Volatilization in Municipal Waste Incineration . J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. , 2 : 10 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraissler , G. , Joller , M. and Brunner , T.I. 2009 . Obernberger, Influence of Dry and Humid Gaseous Atmosphere on the Thermal Decomposition of Calcium Chloride and Its Impact on the Remove of Heavy Metals by Chlorination . Chem. Eng. Process. Proc. Intens. , 48 : 380 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar