Blood Lead Concentrations in Maternal and Cord Blood Evaluated by Two Analytic Methods

References

• Rothenberg SJ, Schnaas-Arrieta L, Cansino-Ortiz S, et al. Effects of lead on neurobehavioural development in the first thirty days of life. Lead exposure and child development an international assessment. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1989; 11:85-93.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). IPSS-International Programme on Chemical Safety. Inorganic Lead. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, Environmental Health Criteria; 1995:165.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzáles-Cossío T, Peterson K, Sanín L, et al. Decrease in birth weight in relation to maternal bone-lead burden. Pediatrics. 1997; 100:856-862.
   Google Scholar
• Silbergeld EK, Sauk J, Somerman M, et al. Lead in bone: storage site, exposure source, and target organ. Neurotoxicology. 1993; 14(2-3): 223-236.
   Google Scholar
• Saryan LA, Zenz C. Lead and its compounds. In: Zenz C, Dickerson OB, Horvath EP, eds. Occupational Medicine. EUA. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Smith RD, Osterloh JD, Flegal AR. Use of endogenous stable lead isotopes to determine release of lead from skeleton. Environ Health Perspect. 1996; 104:60-66.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Lead. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Goyer R. Transplacental transport of lead. Environ Health Perspect. 1990; 89:101-115.
   Google Scholar
• Silbergeld EK. Lead in bone: implications for toxicology during pregnancy and lactation. Environ Health Perspect. 1991; 91:63-70.
   Google Scholar
• Ward NI, Watson R, Bryce-Smith D. Placenta element levels in relation to fetal development for obstetrically ‘normal’ births, a study of 37 elements. Int J Biosoc Res. 1987; 9:63-81.
   Google Scholar
• Shukla R, Bornschein RL, Dietrich KN, et al. Fetal and infant lead exposure, effects on growth in stature. Pediatrics. 1989; 84:604-612.
   Google Scholar
• Osman K, Akesson A, Berglund M, et al. Toxic and essential elements in placentas of Swedish women. Clin Biochem. 2000; 33:131-138.
   Google Scholar
• Millstone E. Lead and Public Health. London: EARTHSCAN; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Azcona M, Rothenberg S, Schnaas L, et al. Niveles de plomo en sangre en niños de 8 a 10 años y su relación con la alteración en el sistema visomotor y del equilibrio. Salud Pública Méx. 2000; 42: 279-287.
   Google Scholar
• Furman A, Laleli M. Maternal and umbilical cord blood concentrations: an Istanbul study. Arch Environ Health. 2001; 56:26-28.
   Google Scholar
• ESA Biosciences, Inc. Instruction Manual of the LeadCare Instrument. Chelmsford, MA: ESA Biosciences, Inc; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho FM, Silvany-Neto AM, Tavares TM, et al. Lead poisoning among children from Santo Amaro, Brazil. Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1985; 19:165-175.
   Google Scholar
• Silvany-Neto AM, Carvalho FM, Caves MEC, et al. Repeated surveillance of lead poisoning among children. Sci Total Environ. 1989; 78:179-186.
   Google Scholar
• Shannon M, Rifai N. The accuracy of a portable instrument for analysis of blood lead in children. Ambul Child Health. 1997; 3:249-254.
   Google Scholar
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Currie LA. Nomenclature in evaluation of analytical methods including detection and quantification capabilities-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1995). Pure Appl Chem. 1995; 67:1669-1723.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA: CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• SPSS, Inc. Statistical Package for the Social Science for Windows, Release 10.0 Standard Version, User's Guide. Chicago, IL: SPSS, Inc; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Ong CN, Phoon WO, Law HY, et al. Concentration of lead in maternal blood, cord blood and breast milk. Arch Dis Child. 1985; 60: 756-759.
   Google Scholar
• Korpela H, Loueniva R, Yrjanheikki E, et al. Lead and cadmium concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, placenta, and amniotic membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986; 155: 1086-1089.
   Google Scholar
• Hernández-Avila M, Sanin L, Romieu I, et al. Higher milk intake during pregnancy is associated with lower maternal and umbilical cord lead concentrations in postpartum women. Environ Res. 1997; 74: 116-121.
   Google Scholar
• Navarrete J, Sanín L, Escadón C, et al. Niveles de plomo sanguíneo en madres y recién nacidos derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Salud Pública Méx. 2000; 4:391-396.
   Google Scholar
• Raghunath R, Tripathi R, Sastry V, et al. Heavy metals in maternal and cord blood. Sci Total Environ. 2000; 250:135-141.
   Google Scholar
• Pineau A, Fauconneau B, Rafael M, et al. Determination of lead in whole blood: comparison of the LeadCare blood lead testing system with Zeeman longitudinal electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2002; 16:113-117.
   Google Scholar
• Counter SA, Buchanan LH, Laurell G, et al. Field screening of blood lead levels in remote Andean villages. Neurotoxicology. 1998; 19: 871-878.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor L, Jones RL, Kwan L, et al. Evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer with occupationally exposed populations. Am J Ind Med. 2001; 40:354-362.
   Google Scholar