Western Canada Study of Animal Health Effects Associated With Exposure to Emissions From Oil and Natural Gas Field Facilities. Study Design and Data Collection III. Methods of Assessing Animal Exposure to Contaminants From the Oil and Gas Industry

References

• Waldner CL, Ribble CS, Janzen ED, Campbell JR. Associations between oil and gas well sites, processing facilities, flaring, and beef-cattle reproduction and calf mortality in western Canada. Prev Vet Med. 2001;50:1-17.
   Google Scholar
• Waldner CL, Ribble CS, Janzen ED, Campbell JR. Associations between total sulfation, hydrogen sulfide deposition, and beef-cattle breeding outcomes in western Canada. Prev Vet Med. 2001;50:19-33.
   Google Scholar
• Scott HM, Soskolne CL, Martin SW, et al. Lack of associations between air emissions from sour-gas processing plants and beef cow-calf herd health and productivity in Alberta, Canada. Prev Vet Med. 2003;57:35-68.
   Google Scholar
• Strosher MT. Investigations of Flare Gas Emissions in Alberta. Calgary, Alberta: Alberta Research Council; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Tang H, Brassard B, Brassard R, Peake E. A new passive sampling system for monitoring SO2 in the atmosphere. Fld Analyt Chem Tech. 1997;1:307-315.
   Google Scholar
• Tang H, Sandeluk J, Lin L, Lown JW. All-season passive sampling for H2S in air. Sci Wld J. 2002;2:155-168.
   Google Scholar
• Clean Air Strategic Alliance, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. http://www.casahome.org
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald WS, Bietz BF. Management of Industrial Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions in Alberta—Description of the Existing System. Presented at the Acidifying Emissions Symposium '96, April 15-17, 1996, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Environmental issues: sour gas. Calgary, Alberta: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. http:/www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/cac/ape_tables/
   Google Scholar
• Alberta Environmental Centre. Cattle and the Oil and Gas Industry in Alberta: A Literature Review With Recommendations for Environmental Management. July, 1996. Calgary, Alberta: Alberta Cattle Commission; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Chalmers GA. A Literature Review and Discussion of the Toxicological Hazards of Oilfield Pollutants in Cattle. Vegreville, Alberta: Alberta Research Council; 1997. Publication ARCV97-R2.
   Google Scholar
• Scott HM, Soskolne CL, Martin SW, et al. Air emissions from sour-gas processing plants and dairy cattle reproduction in Alberta, Canada. Prev Vet Med. 2003;57:69-95.
   Google Scholar
• Bechtel DG, Waldner CL, Wickstrom M. Associations between immune function in yearling beef cattle and airborne emissions of SO2, H2S, and VOCs from oil and natural gas facilities. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2008; next volume.
   Google Scholar
• Waldner CL. Western Canada Study of Animal Health Effects Associated With Exposure to Emissions From Oil and Natural Gas Field Facilities. Study design and data collection I. Herd performance records and management. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2008; this volume.
   Google Scholar
• Waldner CL. Western Canada Study of Animal Health Effects Associated With Exposure to Emissions From Oil and Natural Gas Field Facilities. Study design and data collection II. Location of study herds relative to the oil and gas industry in Western Canada. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2008; this volume.
   Google Scholar
• Burstyn I, Senthilselvan A, Kim H-M, Cherry NM, Pietroniro E, Waldner C. Industrial sources influence air concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in rural areas of Western Canada. J Air & Waste Manage Assoc. 2007;57:1241-1250.
   Google Scholar
• You X, Senthilselvan A, Cherry NM, Kim H-M, Burstyn I. Determinants of airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds in rural areas of Western Canada. J Expos Science Environ Epidemiol. 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500556. Accessed February 25, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Sembulak S, Kindzierski W. Rural and urban passive monitoring of sulphur dioxide. Alberta, Canada: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta; 1999. Prepared for the Sustainable Forest Management Network Project: Exposure Assessment of Air Pollutants From the Forest Industry; Report 1999-2.
   Google Scholar
• Farwell S, Chatham WH, Barinaga CJ. Performance characterization and optimization of the AgNO3-filter/FMA fluorometric method for atmospheric H2S. Measurements. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1987;37:1052-1059.
   Google Scholar
• Fellin P, Otsen R, Ernst DL. A versatile system for evaluation of organic vapour monitoring methods. In: Proceedings of the 8th World Clean Air Congress, September 1989. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 1989:675-680.
   Google Scholar
• Otson R, Fellin P. Effect of air velocity on sampling rates of passive monitors. In: Proceedings of the 1991 EPA/AWMA International Symposium—Measurement of Toxic and Related Pollutants. Pittsburgh, PA: Air & Waste Management Association; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Otson R, Fellin P, Barnett S. Field testing of a passive monitor for airborne VOCs. In: Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association 85th Annual Meeting, Kansas City. Pittsburgh, PA: Air & Waste Management Association; 1992. Paper 80.07, Volume 5.
   Google Scholar
• Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. September 2002 draft version of guide 7: production account handbook. http://www.eub.gov.ab.ca
   Google Scholar
• Waldner CL. The risk of nonpregnancy, risk of disposal for pregnant cows, and duration of the calving interval in cow-calf herds exposed to the oil and gas industry in Western Canada. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2008; this volume.
   Google Scholar
• Waldner CL. The risk of abortion and stillbirth in cow-calf herds exposed to the oil and gas industry in Western Canada. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2008; next volume.
   Google Scholar
• Waldner CL. The association between exposure to the oil and gas industry and beef calf mortality in Western Canada. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2008; this volume.
   Google Scholar
• Watson JG, Turpin BJ, Chow JC. The measurement process: precision, accuracy, and validity. In: Cohen BS, McCammon CS, eds. Air Sampling Instruments for the Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants. 9th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Ott WR. Environmental Statistics and Data Analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Agency For Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile of Sulfur Dioxide. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Agency For Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Hydrogen Sulphide. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Agency For Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Benzene. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Duarte-Davidson R, Courage C, Rushton L, Levy L. Benzene in the environment: an assessment of the potential risks to the health of the population. Occup Environ Med. 2000;58:2-13.
   Google Scholar
• Agency For Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Toluene. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2000.
   Google Scholar